以编程方式获取 Windows OS 版本

Getting Windows OS version programmatically

我正在尝试在我的 Windows 10 机器上使用 C# 获取 Windows 版本。

我总是得到这些值(使用 C#\C++):

Major: 6

Minor: 2

也就是Windows8OS,accordingly to MSDN

C#代码:

var major = OperatingSystem.Version.Major
var minor  = OperatingSystem.Version.Minor

C++代码

void print_os_info()
{
    //
    OSVERSIONINFOW info;
    ZeroMemory(&info, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOW));
    info.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOW);

    LPOSVERSIONINFOW lp_info = &info;
    GetVersionEx(lp_info);

    printf("Windows version: %u.%u\n", info.dwMajorVersion, info.dwMinorVersion);
}

Windows 10 假设与那些:

Major: 10

Minor: 0*

built by: 10.0.10586.0 (th2_release.151029-1700)

我在这里错过了什么?

您需要在申请中添加 app.manifest

然后取消注释以下行:

<!-- Windows 10 -->
<supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />

在我的场景中,我需要我的应用程序来捕获计算机信息以获取可能的错误报告和统计信息。

我没有找到必须添加 应用程序清单 令人满意的解决方案。 我在谷歌搜索时找到的大部分建议不幸的是,只是建议。

问题是,当使用清单时,每个 OS 版本都必须手动添加到它,以便特定的 OS 版本能够在运行时报告自己。

换句话说,这变成了竞争条件:我的应用程序的用户很可能正在使用我的应用程序的一个版本 早于 OS正在使用。当 Microsoft 推出新的 OS 版本时,我必须 立即 升级应用程序。我还必须强制用户在更新 OS.

的同时升级应用程序

也就是说,不太可行

浏览选项后,我发现了一些建议使用注册表查找的参考资料(令人惊讶的是,与应用程序清单相比很少)。

我的(截断)ComputerInfo class 只有 WinMajorVersionWinMinorVersionIsServer 属性如下所示:

using Microsoft.Win32;

namespace Inspection
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Static class that adds convenient methods for getting information on the running computers basic hardware and os setup.
    /// </summary>
    public static class ComputerInfo
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Returns the Windows major version number for this computer.
        /// </summary>
        public static uint WinMajorVersion
        {
            get
            {
                dynamic major;
                // The 'CurrentMajorVersionNumber' string value in the CurrentVersion key is new for Windows 10, 
                // and will most likely (hopefully) be there for some time before MS decides to change this - again...
                if (TryGetRegistryKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "CurrentMajorVersionNumber", out major))
                {
                    return (uint) major;
                }

                // When the 'CurrentMajorVersionNumber' value is not present we fallback to reading the previous key used for this: 'CurrentVersion'
                dynamic version;
                if (!TryGetRegistryKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "CurrentVersion", out version))
                    return 0;

                var versionParts = ((string) version).Split('.');
                if (versionParts.Length != 2) return 0;
                uint majorAsUInt;
                return uint.TryParse(versionParts[0], out majorAsUInt) ? majorAsUInt : 0;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Returns the Windows minor version number for this computer.
        /// </summary>
        public static uint WinMinorVersion
        {
            get
            {
                dynamic minor;
                // The 'CurrentMinorVersionNumber' string value in the CurrentVersion key is new for Windows 10, 
                // and will most likely (hopefully) be there for some time before MS decides to change this - again...
                if (TryGetRegistryKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "CurrentMinorVersionNumber",
                    out minor))
                {
                    return (uint) minor;
                }

                // When the 'CurrentMinorVersionNumber' value is not present we fallback to reading the previous key used for this: 'CurrentVersion'
                dynamic version;
                if (!TryGetRegistryKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "CurrentVersion", out version))
                    return 0;

                var versionParts = ((string) version).Split('.');
                if (versionParts.Length != 2) return 0;
                uint minorAsUInt;
                return uint.TryParse(versionParts[1], out minorAsUInt) ? minorAsUInt : 0;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Returns whether or not the current computer is a server or not.
        /// </summary>
        public static uint IsServer
        {
            get
            {
                dynamic installationType;
                if (TryGetRegistryKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "InstallationType",
                    out installationType))
                {
                    return (uint) (installationType.Equals("Client") ? 0 : 1);
                }

                return 0;
            }
        }

        private static bool TryGetRegistryKey(string path, string key, out dynamic value)
        {
            value = null;
            try
            {
                using(var rk = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(path))
                {
                    if (rk == null) return false;
                    value = rk.GetValue(key);
                    return value != null;
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

您可以通过代码读取注册表并执行您想要的特定操作。

比如说:

注册表项位于 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion,然后查找“ProductName”。

您可以通过在 运行 (Windows+r)

中输入 regedit.exe 打开注册表信息
var reg              =Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion");

        string productName = (string)reg.GetValue("ProductName");

        if (productName.StartsWith("Windows 10"))
        {
        }
        else
        {
        }
Registry.GetValue(@"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion", "CurrentBuildNumber", string.Empty).ToString()

从 XP 到当前 10.16299 的所有操作系统都使用相同的代码, 超过 windows 8

的场景无法正常工作

The OSVersion property reports the same version number (6.2.0.0) for both Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 and the same major and minor version number for Windows 10.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.environment.osversion.aspx

由于接受的答案仅适用于 C#,这里是 C++ 的解决方案。

它使用ntdll.dll中的RtlGetVersion,它使用与GetVersionEx相同的结构(名称不同,但元素相同)并为您提供正确的版本。 由于该函数通常用于驱动开发,所以该函数是在DDK中声明的,而不是在SDK中声明的。所以我使用动态解决方案来调用函数。 请注意 ntdll.dll 在每次调用时都会加载和释放。因此,如果您更频繁地需要该功能,请保持库加载。

pOSversion 指向的结构必须像 GetVersionEx 一样进行初始化。

BOOL GetTrueWindowsVersion(OSVERSIONINFOEX* pOSversion)
{
   // Function pointer to driver function
   NTSTATUS (WINAPI *pRtlGetVersion)(
      PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW lpVersionInformation) = NULL;

   // load the System-DLL
   HINSTANCE hNTdllDll = LoadLibrary("ntdll.dll");

   // successfully loaded?
   if (hNTdllDll != NULL)
   {
      // get the function pointer to RtlGetVersion
      pRtlGetVersion = (NTSTATUS (WINAPI *)(PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW))
            GetProcAddress (hNTdllDll, "RtlGetVersion");

      // if successfull then read the function
      if (pRtlGetVersion != NULL)
         pRtlGetVersion((PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW)pOSversion);

      // free the library
      FreeLibrary(hNTdllDll);
   } // if (hNTdllDll != NULL)

   // if function failed, use fallback to old version
   if (pRtlGetVersion == NULL)
      GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO*)pOSversion);

   // always true ...
   return (TRUE);
} // GetTrueWindowsVersion

您可以在 C# 中以与 C++ 答案相同的方式执行此操作

[SecurityCritical]
[DllImport("ntdll.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern bool RtlGetVersion(ref OSVERSIONINFOEX versionInfo);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct OSVERSIONINFOEX
{
    // The OSVersionInfoSize field must be set to Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX))
    internal int OSVersionInfoSize;
    internal int MajorVersion;
    internal int MinorVersion;
    internal int BuildNumber;
    internal int PlatformId;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
    internal string CSDVersion;
    internal ushort ServicePackMajor;
    internal ushort ServicePackMinor;
    internal short SuiteMask;
    internal byte ProductType;
    internal byte Reserved;
}

...

var osVersionInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOEX { OSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX)) };
if (!RtlGetVersion(ref osVersionInfo))
{
  // TODO: Error handling, call GetVersionEx, etc.
}