通过 FFI 块从 Haskell 调用共享库，而从 C 程序链接时则不会
Calling a shared library from Haskell via FFI blocks, while it doesn't when linked from a C program
我正在尝试从 Haskell 应用程序连接 Basler USB3 相机，但我遇到了一些困难。该相机带有一个 C++ 库，使其相当简单。以下代码可用于获取相机源：
extern "C" {
void basler_init() {
PylonAutoInitTerm pylon;
CInstantCamera camera( CTlFactory::GetInstance().CreateFirstDevice());
camera.RegisterConfiguration( (CConfigurationEventHandler*) NULL, RegistrationMode_ReplaceAll, Cleanup_None);
cout << "Using device " << camera.GetDeviceInfo().GetModelName() << endl;
}
}
我已经使用此源代码构建了一个共享库 - libbasler.so。为了确认它有效，这里有一个基本的 C 程序链接到它并确认一切正常：
void basler_init();
int main () {
basler_init();
}
我编译 运行 如下：
$ gcc Test2.c -lbasler -Llib -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath,pylon5/lib64 -Wl,-E -lpylonbase -o Test2-c
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib ./Test2-c
Using device Emulation
这是预期的输出。
但是，当我尝试将其与 Haskell 一起使用时，行为发生了变化并且程序无限期地阻塞。这是 Haskell 源代码：
{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
foreign import ccall "basler_init" baslerInit :: IO ()
main :: IO ()
main = baslerInit
我编译 运行 如下：
$ ghc --make Test2.hs -o Test2-haskell -Llib -lbasler -optl-Wl,--enable-new-dtags -optl-Wl,-rpath,pylon5/lib64 -optl-Wl,-E -lpylonbase
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib ./Test2-haskell
应用程序现在无限期挂起。
我通过 strace 运行 尝试了解正在发生的事情，但我无法真正理解它。输出太长，这里补充一下，请看这两个贴：
strace C 应用程序的输出：https://gist.github.com/ocharles/001b5f42c09229bc7a8482a22cadf486strace Haskell 应用程序的输出：https://gist.github.com/ocharles/4c1c45a9ee78f75cd723f1a2910998f3
最重要的是，我使用 gdb 来尝试确定 Haskell 应用程序在哪里卡住了：
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib gdb Test2-haskell
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.11
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from Test2-haskell...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/Test2-haskell
warning: File "/nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".
To enable execution of this file add
add-auto-load-safe-path /nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
To completely disable this security protection add
set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
For more information about this security protection see the
"Auto-loading safe path" section in the GDB manual. E.g., run from the shell:
info "(gdb)Auto-loading safe path"
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/nix/store/bb32xf954imhdrzn7j8h82xs1bx7p3fr-glibc-2.23/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
^C
Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.
0x00007ffff6c6fb33 in __recvfrom_nocancel () from /nix/store/98s2znxww6x7h2ch7cj1w5givahxmdna-glibc-2.23/lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x00007ffff6c6fb33 in __recvfrom_nocancel () from /nix/store/98s2znxww6x7h2ch7cj1w5givahxmdna-glibc-2.23/lib/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007fffedb885c2 in GxImp::CEnumCollector::OnReady(unsigned int, _GX_SOCKET_INTERFACE_INFO const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#2 0x00007fffedb8d54d in CCollector::Collect(GxImp::CSocket*, unsigned int, unsigned int, _GX_SOCKET_INTERFACE_INFO const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#3 0x00007fffedb8817b in CBroadcastSocketCollection::Collect(CCollector&, unsigned int) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#4 0x00007fffedb889ab in Gx::Enumerator::Discover(Gx::Enumerator::Callee*, unsigned int, unsigned int, sockaddr const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#5 0x00007fffeddeaca0 in Pylon::CBaslerGigETl::DoDeviceEnumeration(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, bool, sockaddr const*) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#6 0x00007fffeddeaebc in Pylon::CBaslerGigETl::InternalEnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#7 0x00007fffeddf3c99 in Pylon::CTransportLayerBase<Pylon::IGigETransportLayer>::EnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, Pylon::DeviceInfoList const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#8 0x00007ffff7949669 in Pylon::CTlFactory::EnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, Pylon::DeviceInfoList const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#9 0x00007ffff7949c8f in Pylon::CTlFactory::InternalCreateDevice(Pylon::CDeviceInfo const&, GenICam_3_0_Basler_pylon_v5_0::gcstring_vector const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#10 0x00007ffff794a655 in Pylon::CTlFactory::CreateFirstDevice(Pylon::CDeviceInfo const&) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#11 0x00007ffff7bd7dc5 in basler_init () from lib/libbasler.so
#12 0x0000000000438415 in rFl_info ()
#13 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
对于 C 程序：
Reading symbols from Test2-c...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/Test2-c
warning: File "/nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".
To enable execution of this file add
add-auto-load-safe-path /nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
To completely disable this security protection add
set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
For more information about this security protection see the
"Auto-loading safe path" section in the GDB manual. E.g., run from the shell:
info "(gdb)Auto-loading safe path"
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/nix/store/bb32xf954imhdrzn7j8h82xs1bx7p3fr-glibc-2.23/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
[New Thread 0x7fffed4ae700 (LWP 13792)]
[New Thread 0x7fffeccad700 (LWP 13793)]
Using device Emulation
[Thread 0x7fffeccad700 (LWP 13793) exited]
[Thread 0x7fffed4ae700 (LWP 13792) exited]
[Inferior 1 (process 13788) exited normally]
我的猜测是 GHC 的 运行time 正在做一些导致 pthreads 有不同行为的事情，但我不确定那可能是什么。
我相信这条 TRAC 评论是相关的：
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/Rts/Signals
差异出现在 C strace 输出的第 437 行开始
对比 Haskell strace 输出中的第 495 行。
此时库创建两个UDP套接字并发送两个UDP数据报
（第 448-449 C 行/第 506-507 行 Haskell）。数据包被广播到
两个本地网络：192.168.1.0/24 和 192.168.56.0/24.
然后它等待这些套接字中的任何一个的响应，超时时间为（显然）
25 微秒（第 450 C 行/第 508 行 Haskell）。在 C 的情况下 select 调用
超时。在 Haskell 的情况下， select 呼叫被反复打断
GHC RTS 使用的 SIGVTALRM 信号。这是相同的模式
这在上面的 TRAC 评论中显示。
对于潜在的修复，请查看 mysql 包如何实现和使用 block_rts_signals() 和 unblock_rts_signals() 宏：
我正在尝试从 Haskell 应用程序连接 Basler USB3 相机，但我遇到了一些困难。该相机带有一个 C++ 库，使其相当简单。以下代码可用于获取相机源：
extern "C" {
void basler_init() {
PylonAutoInitTerm pylon;
CInstantCamera camera( CTlFactory::GetInstance().CreateFirstDevice());
camera.RegisterConfiguration( (CConfigurationEventHandler*) NULL, RegistrationMode_ReplaceAll, Cleanup_None);
cout << "Using device " << camera.GetDeviceInfo().GetModelName() << endl;
}
}
我已经使用此源代码构建了一个共享库 - libbasler.so。为了确认它有效，这里有一个基本的 C 程序链接到它并确认一切正常：
void basler_init();
int main () {
basler_init();
}
我编译 运行 如下：
$ gcc Test2.c -lbasler -Llib -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath,pylon5/lib64 -Wl,-E -lpylonbase -o Test2-c
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib ./Test2-c
Using device Emulation
这是预期的输出。
但是，当我尝试将其与 Haskell 一起使用时，行为发生了变化并且程序无限期地阻塞。这是 Haskell 源代码：
{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
foreign import ccall "basler_init" baslerInit :: IO ()
main :: IO ()
main = baslerInit
我编译 运行 如下：
$ ghc --make Test2.hs -o Test2-haskell -Llib -lbasler -optl-Wl,--enable-new-dtags -optl-Wl,-rpath,pylon5/lib64 -optl-Wl,-E -lpylonbase
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib ./Test2-haskell
应用程序现在无限期挂起。
我通过 strace 运行 尝试了解正在发生的事情，但我无法真正理解它。输出太长，这里补充一下，请看这两个贴：
straceC 应用程序的输出：https://gist.github.com/ocharles/001b5f42c09229bc7a8482a22cadf486straceHaskell 应用程序的输出：https://gist.github.com/ocharles/4c1c45a9ee78f75cd723f1a2910998f3
最重要的是，我使用 gdb 来尝试确定 Haskell 应用程序在哪里卡住了：
$ PYLON_CAMEMU=1 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=lib gdb Test2-haskell
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.11
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from Test2-haskell...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/Test2-haskell
warning: File "/nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".
To enable execution of this file add
add-auto-load-safe-path /nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
To completely disable this security protection add
set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
For more information about this security protection see the
"Auto-loading safe path" section in the GDB manual. E.g., run from the shell:
info "(gdb)Auto-loading safe path"
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/nix/store/bb32xf954imhdrzn7j8h82xs1bx7p3fr-glibc-2.23/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
^C
Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.
0x00007ffff6c6fb33 in __recvfrom_nocancel () from /nix/store/98s2znxww6x7h2ch7cj1w5givahxmdna-glibc-2.23/lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x00007ffff6c6fb33 in __recvfrom_nocancel () from /nix/store/98s2znxww6x7h2ch7cj1w5givahxmdna-glibc-2.23/lib/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007fffedb885c2 in GxImp::CEnumCollector::OnReady(unsigned int, _GX_SOCKET_INTERFACE_INFO const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#2 0x00007fffedb8d54d in CCollector::Collect(GxImp::CSocket*, unsigned int, unsigned int, _GX_SOCKET_INTERFACE_INFO const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#3 0x00007fffedb8817b in CBroadcastSocketCollection::Collect(CCollector&, unsigned int) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#4 0x00007fffedb889ab in Gx::Enumerator::Discover(Gx::Enumerator::Callee*, unsigned int, unsigned int, sockaddr const*) () from /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/pylon5/lib64/libgxapi-5.0.1.so
#5 0x00007fffeddeaca0 in Pylon::CBaslerGigETl::DoDeviceEnumeration(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, bool, sockaddr const*) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#6 0x00007fffeddeaebc in Pylon::CBaslerGigETl::InternalEnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#7 0x00007fffeddf3c99 in Pylon::CTransportLayerBase<Pylon::IGigETransportLayer>::EnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, Pylon::DeviceInfoList const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylon_TL_gige-5.0.1.so
#8 0x00007ffff7949669 in Pylon::CTlFactory::EnumerateDevices(Pylon::DeviceInfoList&, Pylon::DeviceInfoList const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#9 0x00007ffff7949c8f in Pylon::CTlFactory::InternalCreateDevice(Pylon::CDeviceInfo const&, GenICam_3_0_Basler_pylon_v5_0::gcstring_vector const&, bool) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#10 0x00007ffff794a655 in Pylon::CTlFactory::CreateFirstDevice(Pylon::CDeviceInfo const&) () from pylon5/lib64/libpylonbase-5.0.1.so
#11 0x00007ffff7bd7dc5 in basler_init () from lib/libbasler.so
#12 0x0000000000438415 in rFl_info ()
#13 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
对于 C 程序：
Reading symbols from Test2-c...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/ollie/work/circuithub/receiving-station/Test2-c
warning: File "/nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".
To enable execution of this file add
add-auto-load-safe-path /nix/store/9ljgbhb26ca0j9shwh8bwsa77h42izr2-gcc-5.4.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
To completely disable this security protection add
set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file "/home/ollie/.gdbinit".
For more information about this security protection see the
"Auto-loading safe path" section in the GDB manual. E.g., run from the shell:
info "(gdb)Auto-loading safe path"
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/nix/store/bb32xf954imhdrzn7j8h82xs1bx7p3fr-glibc-2.23/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
[New Thread 0x7fffed4ae700 (LWP 13792)]
[New Thread 0x7fffeccad700 (LWP 13793)]
Using device Emulation
[Thread 0x7fffeccad700 (LWP 13793) exited]
[Thread 0x7fffed4ae700 (LWP 13792) exited]
[Inferior 1 (process 13788) exited normally]
我的猜测是 GHC 的 运行time 正在做一些导致 pthreads 有不同行为的事情，但我不确定那可能是什么。
我相信这条 TRAC 评论是相关的：
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/Rts/Signals
差异出现在 C strace 输出的第 437 行开始 对比 Haskell strace 输出中的第 495 行。
此时库创建两个UDP套接字并发送两个UDP数据报 （第 448-449 C 行/第 506-507 行 Haskell）。数据包被广播到 两个本地网络：192.168.1.0/24 和 192.168.56.0/24.
然后它等待这些套接字中的任何一个的响应，超时时间为（显然） 25 微秒（第 450 C 行/第 508 行 Haskell）。在 C 的情况下 select 调用 超时。在 Haskell 的情况下， select 呼叫被反复打断 GHC RTS 使用的 SIGVTALRM 信号。这是相同的模式 这在上面的 TRAC 评论中显示。
对于潜在的修复，请查看 mysql 包如何实现和使用 block_rts_signals() 和 unblock_rts_signals() 宏：