如何从另一个 class 获取有条件分配的值
How to get conditionally assigned value from another class
我在多个 class 中使用条件赋值时遇到一些问题。当且仅当满足条件时，我想在一个 class 中应用一个值，然后在其他 class 中使用它来加总分。这是我的代码！
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Beginner extends JPanel {
static JButton quest;
Random rand = new Random();
int n = 10;
static List <Point> points = new ArrayList<Point> ();
int scores;
int fails;
public Beginner() {
int radius = 200;
Point center = new Point (250, 250);
double angle = Math.toRadians(360 / n);
points.add(center);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double theta = i * angle;
int dx = (int) (radius * Math.sin(theta));
int dy = (int) (radius * Math.cos(theta));
Point p = new Point (center.x + dx , center.y + dy);
points.add(p);
}
draw (points);
}
public void draw (List<Point> points) {
JPanel panels = new JPanel();
SpringLayout spring = new SpringLayout();
int count = 1;
for (Point point: points) {
quest = new JButton("Question " + count);
quest.setForeground(Color.BLACK);
Font fonte = new Font("Script MT Bold", Font.PLAIN, 20);
quest.setFont(fonte);
add (quest);
count++;
spring.putConstraint(SpringLayout.WEST, quest, point.x, SpringLayout.WEST, panels );
spring.putConstraint(SpringLayout.NORTH, quest, point.y, SpringLayout.NORTH, panels );
setLayout(spring);
panels.setOpaque(false);
panels.setVisible(true);
panels.setLocation(5,5);
add(panels);
quest.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener(){
@Override
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent p) {
if (point.equals(points.get(0))) {
new Quest1();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(1))) {
new Quest2();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(2))) {
new Quest3();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(3))) {
new Quest4();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(4))) {
new Quest5();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
现在，这就是我的第一个 class（名为 Quest1）的样子
public class Quest1 {
//sound files to be shuffled and played!
String [] word = { "C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/audio.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/bomb.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/baby.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/gym.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/hearing.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/goal.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/manifest.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/mountain.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/market.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/debate.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/election.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/number.wav",
};
//matching strings for each file
String [] words = { "Audio", "Bomb", "Baby", "Gym", "Hearing", "Goal", "Manifest","Mountain", "Market", "Debate", "Election", "Number" };
Random rand = new Random();
int random = rand.nextInt(word.length);
String temp = word[random];
int scores;
int fails;
public Quest1 () {
//announcing the JComponents to be used
JFrame frame = new JFrame ();
JButton click = new JButton("Play");
JTextField type = new JTextField(15);
JLabel pic = new JLabel(new ImageIcon("C:\Users\HP\Desktop\Sample pics\1.png"));
JButton score = new JButton ("Check My Answer");
JPanel cont = new JPanel ();
//set up frame properties
frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.WHITE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setSize(500,500);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.add(cont, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.getRootPane().setWindowDecorationStyle(JRootPane.NONE);
frame.setVisible(true);
//setting layout of JPanel
cont.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
cont.setOpaque(false);
cont.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500,500));
cont.setLocation(100, 50);
GridBagConstraints g = new GridBagConstraints();
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
g.gridx = 4;
g.gridy = 2;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets (70, 2, 2, 2);
cont.add(pic , g);
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
g.gridx = 4;
g.gridy = 5;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets (50, 2, 2, 2);
cont.add(click, g);
click.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) {
//sound file shuffled and played
}
});
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
g.gridx = 10;
g.gridy = 4;
g.gridwidth = 5;
g.insets = new Insets(30, 2, 2, 10);
Font fonty = new Font("Lucida", Font.PLAIN, 15);
type.setFont(fonty);
cont.add(type, g);
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTH;
g.gridx = 9;
g.gridy = 8;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 50);
cont.add(score, g);
score.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent tx) {
if (type.getText().equals(words[random])) {
//sound file played
scores+= 3;
String a = "Correct!..... The answer is " + words[random];
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, a);
frame.dispose();
return;
}
else {
//sound file played again
fails+=0;
// This is where my problem is: The other 10 classes are like
//this, I want to get this value and that of scores (depending on the
//condition that is met), and add them up in the class beginner! )
String a = "Sorry, The Answer is " + words[random];
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, a);
frame.dispose();
}
}
});
//sound file played
}
}
你的分数和失败是侦听器事件中的局部变量。如果您在帮助 class 中创建一个实例变量，您可以在侦听器中更新它们，但只要您的程序是 运行，它们就会持续存在，然后可以传递给更多 classes构造函数参数用于您可能需要的任何目的。
public class help extends JFrame {
JPanel hold = new JPanel ();
JTextField enter = new JTextField(10);
JButton check = new JButton ("Check answer");
JButton quest = new JButton ("See question");
JLabel lunch = new JLabel ("Who is the current President of the United States?");
//Add fields you want to track here
int scores;
int fails;
public help () {
然后在你的听众里面
scores += 3; //track them anyway you want
更新：
看来您想将 score/fails 从您的任务 class 传回原来的 class。您可以通过为分数添加一些访问器方法来做到这一点，并在您的任务中失败 class.
public int getScores(){
return scores;
}
public int getFails(){
return fails;
}
这将允许您在需要时检索这些值。您只需在您创建的 Quest 对象上调用它们。但是还有一个问题...
new Quest1();
任务需要存储在像分数这样的变量中并且失败，否则它会被垃圾收集器丢弃。添加一个变量，将当前任务保持在顶部，然后在切换任务时将它们换掉。
Quest1 q1;
...
...
q1 = new Quest1();
...
...
scores = q1.getScores();
fails = q1.getFails();
更新：按钮标志
您可以添加标志以通过添加布尔变量来检查是否发生了事情。在这种情况下，您可以在 Beginner class 中设置 Quest1-5 标志。当用户点击 class 时你可以将其更改为 true，然后检查是否所有这些都已完成。
boolean Q1 = false;
boolean Q2 = false;
...
if (point.equals(points.get(0))) { // User clicks quest 1
Q1 = true;
...
...
if (checkQuests()){
//do stuff if all buttons are clicked
}
...
public boolean checkQuests(){ //cleaner if you use arrays
if(Q1 == false || Q2 == false || ... Q5== false){
return false;
}
else{
return true;
}
}
更新：回调函数
使用 GUI 和侦听器时，并非所有操作都按您希望的顺序发生。 GUI 和事件发生在它们自己的线程上，并且您通常希望在另一个事件结束时触发一个事件。您可以通过使用回调函数来做到这一点。
What is a callback function?
以下是如何在您的程序中实现一个。
在您的任务中包含一个接口和一个接口的变量：
public class Quest{
CallBack cb;
interface CallBack{
public void callBack();
}
//add some way to set the call back, such as setter (or use constructor)
public void setCB(CallBack cb){ this.cb = cb;}
//Inside the action listener of your quest doing something
...
cb.callBack(); //call the callback method when you are done and want to do your check (it calls the beginner class back)
初学者内心深处class：
//When creating a quest
Q1 = new Quest1();
Q1.setCB(new CallBack{
public void callBack(){
CheckQuests(); //this tells the program what to do when it hears back from Q1
}
}
最终发生的事情是当 Q1 的代码完成时，它调用 callBack() 方法（它可以是任何时间，但在您的情况下，当您完成逻辑时调用它）。
初学者 class 传入代码，告诉 Q1 在调用该方法时应该做什么。
我在多个 class 中使用条件赋值时遇到一些问题。当且仅当满足条件时，我想在一个 class 中应用一个值，然后在其他 class 中使用它来加总分。这是我的代码！
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Beginner extends JPanel {
static JButton quest;
Random rand = new Random();
int n = 10;
static List <Point> points = new ArrayList<Point> ();
int scores;
int fails;
public Beginner() {
int radius = 200;
Point center = new Point (250, 250);
double angle = Math.toRadians(360 / n);
points.add(center);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double theta = i * angle;
int dx = (int) (radius * Math.sin(theta));
int dy = (int) (radius * Math.cos(theta));
Point p = new Point (center.x + dx , center.y + dy);
points.add(p);
}
draw (points);
}
public void draw (List<Point> points) {
JPanel panels = new JPanel();
SpringLayout spring = new SpringLayout();
int count = 1;
for (Point point: points) {
quest = new JButton("Question " + count);
quest.setForeground(Color.BLACK);
Font fonte = new Font("Script MT Bold", Font.PLAIN, 20);
quest.setFont(fonte);
add (quest);
count++;
spring.putConstraint(SpringLayout.WEST, quest, point.x, SpringLayout.WEST, panels );
spring.putConstraint(SpringLayout.NORTH, quest, point.y, SpringLayout.NORTH, panels );
setLayout(spring);
panels.setOpaque(false);
panels.setVisible(true);
panels.setLocation(5,5);
add(panels);
quest.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener(){
@Override
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent p) {
if (point.equals(points.get(0))) {
new Quest1();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(1))) {
new Quest2();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(2))) {
new Quest3();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(3))) {
new Quest4();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
else if (point.equals(points.get(4))) {
new Quest5();
JButton source = (JButton) p.getSource();
source.setEnabled(false);
source.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
}
现在，这就是我的第一个 class（名为 Quest1）的样子
public class Quest1 {
//sound files to be shuffled and played!
String [] word = { "C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/audio.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/bomb.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/baby.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/gym.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/hearing.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/goal.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/manifest.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/mountain.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/market.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/debate.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/election.wav",
"C:/Users/HP/Workspace/spellingApp/src/Level1/Question 1/number.wav",
};
//matching strings for each file
String [] words = { "Audio", "Bomb", "Baby", "Gym", "Hearing", "Goal", "Manifest","Mountain", "Market", "Debate", "Election", "Number" };
Random rand = new Random();
int random = rand.nextInt(word.length);
String temp = word[random];
int scores;
int fails;
public Quest1 () {
//announcing the JComponents to be used
JFrame frame = new JFrame ();
JButton click = new JButton("Play");
JTextField type = new JTextField(15);
JLabel pic = new JLabel(new ImageIcon("C:\Users\HP\Desktop\Sample pics\1.png"));
JButton score = new JButton ("Check My Answer");
JPanel cont = new JPanel ();
//set up frame properties
frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.WHITE);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setSize(500,500);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.add(cont, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.getRootPane().setWindowDecorationStyle(JRootPane.NONE);
frame.setVisible(true);
//setting layout of JPanel
cont.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
cont.setOpaque(false);
cont.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500,500));
cont.setLocation(100, 50);
GridBagConstraints g = new GridBagConstraints();
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
g.gridx = 4;
g.gridy = 2;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets (70, 2, 2, 2);
cont.add(pic , g);
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
g.gridx = 4;
g.gridy = 5;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets (50, 2, 2, 2);
cont.add(click, g);
click.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) {
//sound file shuffled and played
}
});
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
g.gridx = 10;
g.gridy = 4;
g.gridwidth = 5;
g.insets = new Insets(30, 2, 2, 10);
Font fonty = new Font("Lucida", Font.PLAIN, 15);
type.setFont(fonty);
cont.add(type, g);
g.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTH;
g.gridx = 9;
g.gridy = 8;
g.gridwidth = 2;
g.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 50);
cont.add(score, g);
score.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent tx) {
if (type.getText().equals(words[random])) {
//sound file played
scores+= 3;
String a = "Correct!..... The answer is " + words[random];
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, a);
frame.dispose();
return;
}
else {
//sound file played again
fails+=0;
// This is where my problem is: The other 10 classes are like
//this, I want to get this value and that of scores (depending on the
//condition that is met), and add them up in the class beginner! )
String a = "Sorry, The Answer is " + words[random];
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, a);
frame.dispose();
}
}
});
//sound file played
}
}
你的分数和失败是侦听器事件中的局部变量。如果您在帮助 class 中创建一个实例变量，您可以在侦听器中更新它们，但只要您的程序是 运行，它们就会持续存在，然后可以传递给更多 classes构造函数参数用于您可能需要的任何目的。
public class help extends JFrame {
JPanel hold = new JPanel ();
JTextField enter = new JTextField(10);
JButton check = new JButton ("Check answer");
JButton quest = new JButton ("See question");
JLabel lunch = new JLabel ("Who is the current President of the United States?");
//Add fields you want to track here
int scores;
int fails;
public help () {
然后在你的听众里面
scores += 3; //track them anyway you want
更新：
看来您想将 score/fails 从您的任务 class 传回原来的 class。您可以通过为分数添加一些访问器方法来做到这一点，并在您的任务中失败 class.
public int getScores(){
return scores;
}
public int getFails(){
return fails;
}
这将允许您在需要时检索这些值。您只需在您创建的 Quest 对象上调用它们。但是还有一个问题...
new Quest1();
任务需要存储在像分数这样的变量中并且失败，否则它会被垃圾收集器丢弃。添加一个变量，将当前任务保持在顶部，然后在切换任务时将它们换掉。
Quest1 q1;
...
...
q1 = new Quest1();
...
...
scores = q1.getScores();
fails = q1.getFails();
更新：按钮标志
您可以添加标志以通过添加布尔变量来检查是否发生了事情。在这种情况下，您可以在 Beginner class 中设置 Quest1-5 标志。当用户点击 class 时你可以将其更改为 true，然后检查是否所有这些都已完成。
boolean Q1 = false;
boolean Q2 = false;
...
if (point.equals(points.get(0))) { // User clicks quest 1
Q1 = true;
...
...
if (checkQuests()){
//do stuff if all buttons are clicked
}
...
public boolean checkQuests(){ //cleaner if you use arrays
if(Q1 == false || Q2 == false || ... Q5== false){
return false;
}
else{
return true;
}
}
更新：回调函数
使用 GUI 和侦听器时，并非所有操作都按您希望的顺序发生。 GUI 和事件发生在它们自己的线程上，并且您通常希望在另一个事件结束时触发一个事件。您可以通过使用回调函数来做到这一点。
What is a callback function?
以下是如何在您的程序中实现一个。
在您的任务中包含一个接口和一个接口的变量：
public class Quest{
CallBack cb;
interface CallBack{
public void callBack();
}
//add some way to set the call back, such as setter (or use constructor)
public void setCB(CallBack cb){ this.cb = cb;}
//Inside the action listener of your quest doing something
...
cb.callBack(); //call the callback method when you are done and want to do your check (it calls the beginner class back)
初学者内心深处class：
//When creating a quest
Q1 = new Quest1();
Q1.setCB(new CallBack{
public void callBack(){
CheckQuests(); //this tells the program what to do when it hears back from Q1
}
}
最终发生的事情是当 Q1 的代码完成时，它调用 callBack() 方法（它可以是任何时间，但在您的情况下，当您完成逻辑时调用它）。
初学者 class 传入代码，告诉 Q1 在调用该方法时应该做什么。