如何在 windows 上将 clang 与 mingw-w64 headers 一起使用
How to use clang with mingw-w64 headers on windows
我有 http://llvm.org/releases/3.9.0/LLVM-3.9.0-win32.exe
的 clang 3.9
clang version 3.9.0 (branches/release_39)
Target: i686-pc-windows-msvc
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
和 gcc 6.2.0 (Mingw-w64)
gcc (i686-posix-dwarf-rev1, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 6.2.0
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
我的电脑上没有安装 MSVC，也没有 Windows SDK。我需要 clang 的一些特殊功能，我想用 gcc 替换它，更具体地说用 g++ 替换它，因为我使用 C++。
当我尝试编译简单文件时，我得到：
fatal error: 'string' file not found
这是否意味着我当前的 clang 安装不支持 windows 上的 mingw？基本上我想要的只是使用我的 mingw-w64 安装中的 headers 和库。我一直在寻找解决方案，但没有找到任何东西。我不知道我该怎么办。
这是否也意味着我的 clang 安装依赖于我没有的 MSVC？
编辑：
来自本页的评论：http://blog.johannesmp.com/2015/09/01/installing-clang-on-windows-pt2/
This doesn't work anymore with the latest binaries (3.7.1, 3.8, 3.9)
from LLVM, because these were compiled with Visual Studio and for
Visual Studio.
You can install the full Visual Studio 2015 (takes about 8GB) or
install "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools 2015 Update 3" which
contains only the command line tools from VS plus the standard C++
header files that Clang needs.
我认为它解释了一切。这是否意味着我需要 mingw build 才能让它与 mingw 一起工作？
安装使用 MinGW 构建的旧版本 3.7.0 RC3 后，它可以正常工作。
您可以注意到版本 i686-pc-windows-gnu 与 i686-pc-windows-msvc 的区别。
我认为如果 clang 3.9 没有破坏其源代码中的某些内容并且您自己构建它，那么它们也可以工作。如果最新的 3.9 也能与 MinGW 一起工作，那就太好了。不过我太懒了，没打算自己建。
编辑：
也有一些适用于 mingw 的软件包 https://github.com/Alexpux/MINGW-packages，您可以使用似乎为 clang 提供支持的 MSYS2 安装它们。有一些与 3.8 和 3.9 相关的提交。
希望这对遇到类似问题的人有所帮助。
正确的做法是……
clang -target i686-pc-windows-gnu test.c -otest.exe
或者如果你想要 64 位输出...
clang -target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu test.c -otest.exe
Clang 将从您的路径中确定 headers 和库的位置。确保您的目标路径中只有 Mingw 版本。
默认情况下，当前版本的 Clang（截至目前为 5.0.0）将以 x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
为目标
例如...
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.16299.19]
(c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\burito>copy con hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}
^Z
1 file(s) copied.
C:\Users\burito>clang hello.c -ohello.exe --verbose
clang version 5.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
clang.exe: warning: unable to find a Visual Studio installation; try running Clang from a developer command prompt [-Wmsvc-not-found]
"C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-windows- msvc18.0.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -mincremental-linker-compatible -disable-free - disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name hello.c -mrelocation- model pic -pic-level 2 -mthread-model posix -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -target-cpu x86-64 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -dwarf-column-info -debugger-tuning=gdb -resource-dir "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0\include" -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/PlatformSDK/Include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/Include -fdebug-compilation-dir "C:\Users\burito" -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 120 -fms-extensions -fms-compatibility -fms-compatibility-version=18 -fno-threadsafe-statics -fdelayed-template-parsing -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-5c526d.o" -x c hello.c
clang -cc1 version 5.0.0 based upon LLVM 5.0.0 default target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/PlatformSDK/Include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/Include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang.0.0\include
End of search list.
hello.c:1:10: fatal error: 'stdio.h' file not found
#include <stdio.h>
^~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
C:\Users\burito>clang hello.c -ohello.exe --verbose -target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
clang version 5.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
"C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-windows-gnu -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name hello.c -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mthread-model posix -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -target-cpu x86-64 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -dwarf-column-info -debugger-tuning=gdb -resource-dir "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0\include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\include" -fdebug-compilation-dir "C:\Users\burito" -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 120 -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-d88ba4.o" -x c hello.c
clang -cc1 version 5.0.0 based upon LLVM 5.0.0 default target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang.0.0\include
C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include
C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\include
End of search list.
"C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\bin\ld.exe" -m i386pep -Bdynamic -o hello.exe "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib\crt2.o" "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0\crtbegin.o" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib" "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-d88ba4.o" -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0\crtend.o"
C:\Users\burito>hello
Hello World!
C:\Users\burito>
我有 http://llvm.org/releases/3.9.0/LLVM-3.9.0-win32.exe
的 clang 3.9clang version 3.9.0 (branches/release_39)
Target: i686-pc-windows-msvc
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
和 gcc 6.2.0 (Mingw-w64)
gcc (i686-posix-dwarf-rev1, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 6.2.0
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
我的电脑上没有安装 MSVC，也没有 Windows SDK。我需要 clang 的一些特殊功能，我想用 gcc 替换它，更具体地说用 g++ 替换它，因为我使用 C++。
当我尝试编译简单文件时，我得到：
fatal error: 'string' file not found
这是否意味着我当前的 clang 安装不支持 windows 上的 mingw？基本上我想要的只是使用我的 mingw-w64 安装中的 headers 和库。我一直在寻找解决方案，但没有找到任何东西。我不知道我该怎么办。
这是否也意味着我的 clang 安装依赖于我没有的 MSVC？
编辑： 来自本页的评论：http://blog.johannesmp.com/2015/09/01/installing-clang-on-windows-pt2/
This doesn't work anymore with the latest binaries (3.7.1, 3.8, 3.9) from LLVM, because these were compiled with Visual Studio and for Visual Studio.
You can install the full Visual Studio 2015 (takes about 8GB) or install "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools 2015 Update 3" which contains only the command line tools from VS plus the standard C++ header files that Clang needs.
我认为它解释了一切。这是否意味着我需要 mingw build 才能让它与 mingw 一起工作？
安装使用 MinGW 构建的旧版本 3.7.0 RC3 后，它可以正常工作。
您可以注意到版本 i686-pc-windows-gnu 与 i686-pc-windows-msvc 的区别。
我认为如果 clang 3.9 没有破坏其源代码中的某些内容并且您自己构建它，那么它们也可以工作。如果最新的 3.9 也能与 MinGW 一起工作，那就太好了。不过我太懒了，没打算自己建。
编辑： 也有一些适用于 mingw 的软件包 https://github.com/Alexpux/MINGW-packages，您可以使用似乎为 clang 提供支持的 MSYS2 安装它们。有一些与 3.8 和 3.9 相关的提交。
希望这对遇到类似问题的人有所帮助。
正确的做法是……
clang -target i686-pc-windows-gnu test.c -otest.exe
或者如果你想要 64 位输出...
clang -target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu test.c -otest.exe
Clang 将从您的路径中确定 headers 和库的位置。确保您的目标路径中只有 Mingw 版本。
默认情况下，当前版本的 Clang（截至目前为 5.0.0）将以 x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
例如...
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.16299.19]
(c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\burito>copy con hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}
^Z
1 file(s) copied.
C:\Users\burito>clang hello.c -ohello.exe --verbose
clang version 5.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
clang.exe: warning: unable to find a Visual Studio installation; try running Clang from a developer command prompt [-Wmsvc-not-found]
"C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-windows- msvc18.0.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -mincremental-linker-compatible -disable-free - disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name hello.c -mrelocation- model pic -pic-level 2 -mthread-model posix -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -target-cpu x86-64 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -dwarf-column-info -debugger-tuning=gdb -resource-dir "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0\include" -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/PlatformSDK/Include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/include -internal-isystem C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/Include -fdebug-compilation-dir "C:\Users\burito" -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 120 -fms-extensions -fms-compatibility -fms-compatibility-version=18 -fno-threadsafe-statics -fdelayed-template-parsing -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-5c526d.o" -x c hello.c
clang -cc1 version 5.0.0 based upon LLVM 5.0.0 default target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/PlatformSDK/Include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/Include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang.0.0\include
End of search list.
hello.c:1:10: fatal error: 'stdio.h' file not found
#include <stdio.h>
^~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
C:\Users\burito>clang hello.c -ohello.exe --verbose -target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
clang version 5.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin
"C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-windows-gnu -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name hello.c -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mthread-model posix -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -target-cpu x86-64 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -dwarf-column-info -debugger-tuning=gdb -resource-dir "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang\5.0.0\include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include" -internal-isystem "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\include" -fdebug-compilation-dir "C:\Users\burito" -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 120 -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-d88ba4.o" -x c hello.c
clang -cc1 version 5.0.0 based upon LLVM 5.0.0 default target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
C:\Program Files\LLVM\lib\clang.0.0\include
C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include
C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\include
End of search list.
"C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\bin\ld.exe" -m i386pep -Bdynamic -o hello.exe "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib\crt2.o" "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0\crtbegin.o" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib" "-LC:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib" "C:\Users\burito\AppData\Local\Temp\hello-d88ba4.o" -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\7.2.0\crtend.o"
C:\Users\burito>hello
Hello World!
C:\Users\burito>