HTTP/HTTPS 客户端,"connection reset" HTTPS 请求

HTTP/HTTPS client, "connection reset" on HTTPS requests

我正在尝试使用 java 制作一个简单的 HTTP/HTTPS 客户端。我现在在我的 Client.java 文件中所做的工作在这里。

当我尝试访问 www.google.com:80 时一切正常。我在响应 BufferedReader 中获得了完整的 HTML 内容。

但是,当我尝试访问 www.google.com:443 时,没有数据通过 BufferedReader

对于www.facebook.com:80,

HTTP/1.1 302 Found

此外,当我尝试使用 www.facebook.com:443 时,出现以下错误:

Exception in thread "main" java.net.SocketException: Connection reset

我哪里错了?为什么我无法获得 HTTPS 站点的任何响应?

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        //String host = args[0];
        //int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
        //String path = args[2];

        int port = 80;
        String host = "www.google.com";
        String path = "/";

        //Opening Connection
        Socket clientSocket = new Socket(host, port);
        System.out.println("======================================");
        System.out.println("Connected");
        System.out.println("======================================");

        //Declare a writer to this url
        PrintWriter request = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(),true);

        //Declare a listener to this url
        BufferedReader response = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

        //Sending request to the server
        //Building HTTP request header
        request.print("GET "+path+" HTTP/1.1\r\n"); //"+path+"
        request.print("Host: "+host+"\r\n");
        request.print("Connection: close\r\n");
        request.print("\r\n");
        request.flush();

        System.out.println("Request Sent!");
        System.out.println("======================================");

        //Receiving response from server
        String responseLine;
        while ((responseLine = response.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(responseLine);
        }
        System.out.println("======================================"); 
        System.out.println("Response Recieved!!");
        System.out.println("======================================");
        request.close();
        response.close();
        clientSocket.close();
    }
}

HTTPS 已加密;它是通过 SSL 的 HTTP。您不能只发送原始 HTTP 请求。如果您在没有先建立安全连接的情况下开始发送数据(因此出现连接重置错误),服务器将立即断开您的连接。您必须先建立 SSL 连接。在这种情况下,您会希望使用 SSLSocket (via SSLSocketFactory, see also example) 而不是 Socket

这就像为 HTTPS 情况更改一行代码一样简单(好吧,如果算上异常规范并且端口号更改为 443,则为三行):

Socket clientSocket = SSLSocketFactory.getDefault().createSocket(host, port);

请注意,在这种情况下,clientSocket 将是 SSLSocket 的一个实例(派生自 Socket)。

但是,如果您将此作为大型应用程序的一部分进行(而不只是学习体验),请考虑现有的库,例如 Apache 的 HttpClient (which supports HTTPS as well) or the built-in HttpURLConnection and HttpsURLConnection if you need something more basic. If you need to embed a server in an application you can use the built-in HttpServer or HttpsServer.

还有 EJP 在他的 中提到的问题。