对具有非常特定格式的文件进行操作

Operating on a file with a very specific format

我一直在尝试编写以下函数:

def track(filepath,n1,n2)

此函数用于操作具有以下格式的文件:

-BORDER-
text
-BORDER-
text
-BORDER-
text
-BORDER-

如何让函数在此文件路径上操作,更准确地说是在每个边框内的文本上操作?

要从您的文本文件中检索文本,您可以执行以下操作:

with open("/your/path/to/file", 'r') as f:
    text_list = [line for line in f.readlines() if 'BORDER' not in line]

text_list 将包含您要查找的所有文本行。如果需要,您可以使用 .strip()

删除行

编写一个生成器,计算检测边界线并使用 groupby 分隔这些块:

from itertools import groupby

BORDER = '--border--'

def count_border(lines, border):
  cnt = 0
  for line in lines:
    if line.strip() == border:
        cnt += 1
    else:
        yield cnt, line

with open('file') as lines:
    for _, block in groupby(count_border(lines, BORDER), lambda (c,_): c):
        block = [line for _, line in block]
        print(block)

以下方法将读入您的文件,并为您提供一个非边界线列表:

from itertools import groupby

with open('input.txt') as f_input:
    for k, g in groupby(f_input, lambda x: not x.startswith('-BORDER-')):
        if k:
            print([line.strip() for line in g])

因此,如果您的输入文件是:

-BORDER-
text
-BORDER-
text
-BORDER-
this is some text
with words 
on different lines
-BORDER- 

它将显示以下输出:

['text']
['text']
['this is some text', 'with words', 'on different lines']

这是通过逐行读取您的文件,并使用 Python 的 groupby 函数对匹配给定测试的行进行分组来实现的。在这种情况下,测试是行是否开始 -BORDER-。它 return 以下所有 return 结果相同的行。 k是测试结果,g是匹配行组。所以如果测试结果是True,说明不是-BORDER-开头的。

接下来,由于您的每一行都有一个换行符,因此使用列表理解从每一行 returned 中删除它。


如果您想计算字数(假设它们由空格分隔),那么您可以执行以下操作:

from itertools import groupby

with open('input.txt') as f_input:
    for k, g in groupby(f_input, lambda x: not x.startswith('-BORDER-')):
        if k:
            lines = list(g)
            word_count = sum(len(line.split()) for line in lines)
            print("{} words in {}".format(word_count, lines))

给你:

1 words in ['text\n']
1 words in ['text\n']
9 words in ['this is some text\n', 'with words \n', 'on different lines\n']