模型的未定义方法 'nested attribute'
Undefined method 'nested attribute' for model
我正在尝试创建两种类型的地址：取货地址和送货地址。为此，我创建了一个与列表和订单相关联的多态地址模型。我想使用字段在列表和订单视图中创建新地址。出于某种原因，这仅在我创建列表时有效，当我尝试创建订单时，我得到模型订单的未定义方法 'address'。
注意：以下代码段中省略了不相关的代码。
address.rb
class Address < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :addressable, polymorphic: true, optional: true
end
listing.rb
class Listing < ApplicationRecord
has_many :orders
has_one :pickup_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :pickup_address
end
order.rb
class Order < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :listing
has_one :delivery_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
end
在我的表单视图中我有
app/views/listings/_form.html.erb
<%= form_for(setup_listing(@listing)) do |f| %>
<%= f.label :description %>
<%= f.text_area :description, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= f.label :price %>
<%= f.text_field :price, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= f.fields_for :pickup_address do |u| %>
<%= u.label :city %>
<%= u.text_field :city, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :sector %>
<%= u.text_field :sector, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_1 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_1, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_2 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_2, class: 'form-control' %>
<% end %>
<%= f.submit "submit", class: "btn btn-primary" %>
<%end%>
app/views/orders/_form.html.erb
<%= form_for([@listing, setup_order(@order)]) do |f| %>
<%= f.fields_for :delivery_address do |u| %>
<%= u.label :city %>
<%= u.text_field :city, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :sector %>
<%= u.text_field :sector, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_1 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_1, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_2 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_2, class: 'form-control' %>
<% end %>
<%= f.submit "submit", class: "btn btn-primary" %>
<%end%>
请注意，在订单 form_for 函数中，我使用了方括号，因为我是根据清单构建订单的。
routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
resources :listings do
resources :orders
end
end
setup_order/listing函数来自
app/helpers/form_helper.rb
module FormHelper
def setup_listing(listing)
listing.build_pickup_address if listing.pickup_address.nil?
listing
end
def setup_order(order)
order.build_delivery_address if order.delivery_address.nil?
order
end
end
我用它来创建新地址，以防这个地址不存在，如 this tutorial 中所建议的那样。
我确保在控制器中将地址属性添加到我的参数中
listings_controller.rb
def create
@listing = current_user.listings.build(listing_params)
if @listing.save
flash[:success] = "listing created!"
redirect_to @listing
else
render 'new'
end
end
.
.
private
def listing_params
params.require(:listing).permit(pickup_address_attributes: [:city, :sector,:line_1, :line_2])
end
orders_controller.rb
.
.
def create
@listing = Listing.find(params[:listing_id])
@order = @listing.orders.build(order_params)
if @order.save
redirect_to listings_path
else
render 'new'
end
end
.
.
private
def order_params
params.require(:order).permit(delivery_address_attributes: [:city, :sector, :line_1, :line_2])
end
同样，创建列表非常有效。当我尝试创建新订单时出现问题。提前致谢！
全部跟踪
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb:433:in `method_missing'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:149:in `block in validate'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:148:in `each'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:148:in `validate'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `public_send'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `block in make_lambda'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:169:in `block (2 levels) in halting'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:547:in `block (2 levels) in default_terminator'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:546:in `catch'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:546:in `block in default_terminator'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:170:in `block in halting'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `each'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_validate_callbacks'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations.rb:408:in `run_validations!'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations/callbacks.rb:113:in `block in run_validations!'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:506:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:455:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_validation_callbacks'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations/callbacks.rb:113:in `run_validations!'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations.rb:338:in `valid?'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:65:in `valid?'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:82:in `perform_validations'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:44:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:22:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:319:in `block (2 levels) in save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:395:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:232:in `block in transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:189:in `within_new_transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:232:in `transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:211:in `transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:392:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:319:in `block in save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:334:in `rollback_active_record_state!'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:318:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/suppressor.rb:41:in `save'
app/controllers/orders_controller.rb:45:in `create'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:188:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:506:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:455:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:90:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:19:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:20:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:248:in `process_action'
searchkick (1.3.5) lib/searchkick/logging.rb:153:in `process_action'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:18:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:126:in `process'
actionview (5.0.0) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:30:in `process'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:190:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:262:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:50:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:39:in `block in serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:26:in `each'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:26:in `serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:725:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/etag.rb:25:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:38:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:222:in `context'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:216:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:613:in `call'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:552:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:38:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:97:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_call_callbacks'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:90:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:36:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:79:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:49:in `call'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:131:in `call_app'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:20:in `block in call'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:18:in `catch'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:18:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:31:in `call'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:36:in `call_app'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:70:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:70:in `tagged'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.1.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/method_override.rb:22:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:28:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:136:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:111:in `call'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:522:in `call'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/configuration.rb:224:in `call'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:569:in `handle_request'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:406:in `process_client'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:271:in `block in run'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:114:in `block in spawn_thread'
在找不到我的问题的任何答案后，我决定将关系从 has_one 更改为 has_many，设置默认属性名称，以查看该错误是否已更改。
class Order < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :listing
has_many :addresses, as: :addressable, dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
end
我也在我的控制器和视图中进行了更改，但我还是没有得到任何方法 'address' 而不是 'addresses'，因为它应该是。然后我意识到我必须在某个地方写下地址，所以我按照@eeeeeeean 的建议进行了搜索，实际上在验证中（我在问题中忽略了它们，因为我认为它们无关紧要）我仍然有一个地址验证，这里是模型的实际代码。
class Order < ApplicationRecord
validates :address, :seller_id, :buyer_id, :listing_id, presence: true
belongs_to :listing
belongs_to :buyer, class_name: "User"
belongs_to :seller, class_name: "User"
has_one :delivery_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
enum status: [ :ordered, :shipped, :delivered, :rated ]
end
因此，请避免在问题中省略代码，并确保检查您通常不会这样做的地方。
我正在尝试创建两种类型的地址：取货地址和送货地址。为此，我创建了一个与列表和订单相关联的多态地址模型。我想使用字段在列表和订单视图中创建新地址。出于某种原因，这仅在我创建列表时有效，当我尝试创建订单时，我得到模型订单的未定义方法 'address'。
注意：以下代码段中省略了不相关的代码。
address.rb
class Address < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :addressable, polymorphic: true, optional: true
end
listing.rb
class Listing < ApplicationRecord
has_many :orders
has_one :pickup_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :pickup_address
end
order.rb
class Order < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :listing
has_one :delivery_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
end
在我的表单视图中我有
app/views/listings/_form.html.erb
<%= form_for(setup_listing(@listing)) do |f| %>
<%= f.label :description %>
<%= f.text_area :description, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= f.label :price %>
<%= f.text_field :price, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= f.fields_for :pickup_address do |u| %>
<%= u.label :city %>
<%= u.text_field :city, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :sector %>
<%= u.text_field :sector, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_1 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_1, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_2 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_2, class: 'form-control' %>
<% end %>
<%= f.submit "submit", class: "btn btn-primary" %>
<%end%>
app/views/orders/_form.html.erb
<%= form_for([@listing, setup_order(@order)]) do |f| %>
<%= f.fields_for :delivery_address do |u| %>
<%= u.label :city %>
<%= u.text_field :city, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :sector %>
<%= u.text_field :sector, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_1 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_1, class: 'form-control' %>
<%= u.label :line_2 %>
<%= u.text_field :line_2, class: 'form-control' %>
<% end %>
<%= f.submit "submit", class: "btn btn-primary" %>
<%end%>
请注意，在订单 form_for 函数中，我使用了方括号，因为我是根据清单构建订单的。
routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
resources :listings do
resources :orders
end
end
setup_order/listing函数来自
app/helpers/form_helper.rb
module FormHelper
def setup_listing(listing)
listing.build_pickup_address if listing.pickup_address.nil?
listing
end
def setup_order(order)
order.build_delivery_address if order.delivery_address.nil?
order
end
end
我用它来创建新地址，以防这个地址不存在，如 this tutorial 中所建议的那样。
我确保在控制器中将地址属性添加到我的参数中
listings_controller.rb
def create
@listing = current_user.listings.build(listing_params)
if @listing.save
flash[:success] = "listing created!"
redirect_to @listing
else
render 'new'
end
end
.
.
private
def listing_params
params.require(:listing).permit(pickup_address_attributes: [:city, :sector,:line_1, :line_2])
end
orders_controller.rb
.
.
def create
@listing = Listing.find(params[:listing_id])
@order = @listing.orders.build(order_params)
if @order.save
redirect_to listings_path
else
render 'new'
end
end
.
.
private
def order_params
params.require(:order).permit(delivery_address_attributes: [:city, :sector, :line_1, :line_2])
end
同样，创建列表非常有效。当我尝试创建新订单时出现问题。提前致谢！
全部跟踪
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb:433:in `method_missing'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:149:in `block in validate'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:148:in `each'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validator.rb:148:in `validate'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `public_send'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `block in make_lambda'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:169:in `block (2 levels) in halting'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:547:in `block (2 levels) in default_terminator'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:546:in `catch'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:546:in `block in default_terminator'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:170:in `block in halting'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `each'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:454:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_validate_callbacks'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations.rb:408:in `run_validations!'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations/callbacks.rb:113:in `block in run_validations!'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:506:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:455:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_validation_callbacks'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations/callbacks.rb:113:in `run_validations!'
activemodel (5.0.0) lib/active_model/validations.rb:338:in `valid?'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:65:in `valid?'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:82:in `perform_validations'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/validations.rb:44:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:22:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:319:in `block (2 levels) in save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:395:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:232:in `block in transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:189:in `within_new_transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:232:in `transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:211:in `transaction'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:392:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:319:in `block in save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:334:in `rollback_active_record_state!'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:318:in `save'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/suppressor.rb:41:in `save'
app/controllers/orders_controller.rb:45:in `create'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:188:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:506:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:455:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:90:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:19:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:20:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:248:in `process_action'
searchkick (1.3.5) lib/searchkick/logging.rb:153:in `process_action'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:18:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:126:in `process'
actionview (5.0.0) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:30:in `process'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:190:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:262:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:50:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:39:in `block in serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:26:in `each'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:26:in `serve'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:725:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/etag.rb:25:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:38:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:222:in `context'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:216:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:613:in `call'
activerecord (5.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:552:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:38:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:97:in `__run_callbacks__'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:750:in `_run_call_callbacks'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:90:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:36:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:79:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:49:in `call'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:131:in `call_app'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:20:in `block in call'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:18:in `catch'
web-console (3.1.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:18:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:31:in `call'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:36:in `call_app'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:70:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:70:in `tagged'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.1.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/method_override.rb:22:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (5.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:28:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:136:in `call'
rack (2.0.1) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:111:in `call'
railties (5.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:522:in `call'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/configuration.rb:224:in `call'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:569:in `handle_request'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:406:in `process_client'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/server.rb:271:in `block in run'
puma (3.4.0) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:114:in `block in spawn_thread'
在找不到我的问题的任何答案后，我决定将关系从 has_one 更改为 has_many，设置默认属性名称，以查看该错误是否已更改。
class Order < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :listing
has_many :addresses, as: :addressable, dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
end
我也在我的控制器和视图中进行了更改，但我还是没有得到任何方法 'address' 而不是 'addresses'，因为它应该是。然后我意识到我必须在某个地方写下地址，所以我按照@eeeeeeean 的建议进行了搜索，实际上在验证中（我在问题中忽略了它们，因为我认为它们无关紧要）我仍然有一个地址验证，这里是模型的实际代码。
class Order < ApplicationRecord
validates :address, :seller_id, :buyer_id, :listing_id, presence: true
belongs_to :listing
belongs_to :buyer, class_name: "User"
belongs_to :seller, class_name: "User"
has_one :delivery_address, as: :addressable, class_name: "Address", dependent: :destroy
accepts_nested_attributes_for :delivery_address
enum status: [ :ordered, :shipped, :delivered, :rated ]
end
因此，请避免在问题中省略代码，并确保检查您通常不会这样做的地方。