如何在 Python 中复制不同的文件类型，同时保持其目录结构

Question

我是 Spyder 2.3.0 和 Python 3.4.1

的新手

与网络上的其他示例不同，我想要 select 多种文件类型并复制目录结构。我在下面尝试过并且它有效但它一次只需要一种文件类型并且“copytree's”（它会非常慢）。

有没有办法或不同的方法来简化它以使其更快？

我想我想做的是：

制作文件类型和位置的综合列表（遍历目录结构）

例如以

结尾

fileExt = [".txt", ".doc", ".docx", ".xls",".xlsx", ".ppt", ".pptx", ".m", ".xmcd", ".pdf " ]

然后简单地使用该列表“shutil.copytree”

非常感谢任何建议。

  srcDir  = 'c:/a/src/dir/'
  dirName = 'c:/a/dest/dir/'


import os
import shutil

##################################################################################

dstDir = os.path.abspath(dirName)

def ignore_list(path, files):

    filesToIgnore = []

    for fileName in files:

        fullFileName = os.path.join(os.path.normpath(path), fileName)

        if not os.path.isdir(fullFileName) and not fileName.endswith('.txt') :

            filesToIgnore.append(fileName)

    return filesToIgnore

# start of script

shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir, ignore=ignore_list)
####################################################################################################################################################################

dstDir = os.path.abspath(dirName)

def ignore_list(path, files):

    filesToIgnore = []

    for fileName in files:

        fullFileName = os.path.join(os.path.normpath(path), fileName)

        if not os.path.isdir(fullFileName) and not fileName.endswith('.docx') :


            filesToIgnore.append(fileName)

    return filesToIgnore

# start of script

shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir, ignore=ignore_list)

####################################################

复制并粘贴更改“endswith('.docx') :”

Answer 1

我们可以稍微执行一下您的 "ignore_list" 方法

valid_formats = ["txt", "doc", "docx", "xls","xlsx", "ppt", "pptx", "m", "xmcd", "pdf "]

import timeit
import os.path as op

def ignore_list(path, files):
    dag_path = [op.join(op.normpath(path), f) for f in files]
    return [ff for ff in dag_path if not op.isdir(ff) and ff.split(".")[-1] not in valid_formats]

start = timeit.default_timer()
ignore = ignore_list(path, files)
print ("Time: {0}".format(str(timeit.default_timer()-start)))

Answer 2

这行得通，我知道它不漂亮但行得通

srcDir  = 'c:/a/src/dir/
dstDir = 'c:/a/dest/dir/'


A01= '.doc'
A02= '.docx'
A03= '.xls'
A04= '.xlsx'
A05= '.ppt'
A06= '.pptx'
A07= '.m'
A08= '.xmcd'
A09= '.inp'
A10= '.pdf'
A11= '.DOC'
A12= '.DOCX'
A13= '.XLS'
A14= '.XLSX'
A15= '.PPT'
A16= '.PPTX'
A17= '.M'
A18= '.XMCD'
A19= '.INP'
A20= '.PDF'



import os
import shutil

#########################################################################################################


def ignore_list(path, files):

    filesToIgnore = []

    for fileName in files:

        fullFileName = os.path.join(os.path.normpath(path), fileName)

        if not os.path.isdir(fullFileName) and not fileName.endswith(A01) and not fileName.endswith(A02) and not fileName.endswith(A03) and not fileName.endswith(A04) and not fileName.endswith(A05) and not fileName.endswith(A06) and not fileName.endswith(A07) and not fileName.endswith(A08) and not fileName.endswith(A09) and not fileName.endswith(A10) and not fileName.endswith(A11) and not fileName.endswith(A12) and not fileName.endswith(A13) and not fileName.endswith(A14) and not fileName.endswith(A15) and not fileName.endswith(A16) and not fileName.endswith(A17) and not fileName.endswith(A18) and not fileName.endswith(A19) and not fileName.endswith(A20) :


            filesToIgnore.append(fileName)

    return filesToIgnore




shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir, ignore=ignore_list)

#########################################################################################################

如何在 Python 中复制不同的文件类型，同时保持其目录结构

How can I copy different file types in Python while keeping their directory structure

python

operating-system

shutil

copytree