React.js，如何发送 multipart/form-data 到服务器

Question

我们想发送一个图片文件作为multipart/form到后端，我们尝试使用html表单获取文件并将文件作为formData发送，代码如下

export default class Task extends React.Component {

  uploadAction() {
    var data = new FormData();
    var imagedata = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]').files[0];
    data.append("data", imagedata);

    fetch("http://localhost:8910/taskCreationController/createStoryTask", {
      mode: 'no-cors',
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"
        "Accept": "application/json",
        "type": "formData"
      },
      body: data
    }).then(function (res) {
      if (res.ok) {
        alert("Perfect! ");
      } else if (res.status == 401) {
        alert("Oops! ");
      }
    }, function (e) {
      alert("Error submitting form!");
    });
  }

  render() {
    return (
        <form encType="multipart/form-data" action="">
          <input type="file" name="fileName" defaultValue="fileName"></input>
          <input type="button" value="upload" onClick={this.uploadAction.bind(this)}></input>
        </form>
    )
  }
}

后台错误是"nested exception is org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException: Could not parse multipart servlet request; nested exception is java.io.IOException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadException: the request was rejected because no multipart boundary was found".

阅读this后，我们尝试在fetch中将边界设置为headers：

fetch("http://localhost:8910/taskCreationController/createStoryTask", {
      mode: 'no-cors',
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=AaB03x" +
        "--AaB03x" +
        "Content-Disposition: file" +
        "Content-Type: png" +
        "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary" +
        "...data... " +
        "--AaB03x--",
        "Accept": "application/json",
        "type": "formData"
      },
      body: data
    }).then(function (res) {
      if (res.ok) {
        alert("Perfect! ");
      } else if (res.status == 401) {
        alert("Oops! ");
      }
    }, function (e) {
      alert("Error submitting form!");
    });
  }

这一次，后端的错误是：Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] throw exception [Request processing failed;嵌套异常是 java.lang.NullPointerException]，根本原因是

我们添加多部分边界对吗？它应该在哪里？也许一开始我们错了，因为我们没有得到 multipart/form 数据。怎样才能正确获取呢？

Answer 1

为了发送multipart/formdata，你需要避免contentType，因为浏览器会自动分配boundary和Content-Type。

在您的情况下，使用 fetch，即使您避免使用 Content-Type，它也会设置为默认值 text/plain。所以尝试 jQuery ajax。如果我们将它设置为 false，它会删除 contentType。

这是工作代码

var data = new FormData();
var imagedata = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]').files[0];
data.append("data", imagedata);
$.ajax({
    method: "POST",
    url: fullUrl,
    data: data,
    dataType: 'json',
    cache: false,
    processData: false,
    contentType: false
}).done((data) => {
    //resolve(data);
}).fail((err) => {
    //console.log("errorrr for file upload", err);
    //reject(err);
});

Answer 2

我们只是尝试删除我们的 headers 并且成功了！

fetch("http://localhost:8910/taskCreationController/createStoryTask", {
      mode: 'no-cors',
      method: "POST",
      body: data
    }).then(function (res) {
      if (res.ok) {
        alert("Perfect! ");
      } else if (res.status == 401) {
        alert("Oops! ");
      }
    }, function (e) {
      alert("Error submitting form!");
    });

Answer 3

该文件也可在活动中使用：

e.target.files[0]

（无需 document.querySelector('input[type="file"]').files[0];）

uploadAction(e) {
  const data = new FormData();
  const imagedata = e.target.files[0];
  data.append('inputname', imagedata);
  ...

注：使用console.log(data.get('inputname'))进行调试，console.log(data)不会显示附加数据。

Answer 4

React 文件上传组件

import { Component } from 'react';

class Upload extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {
      image: '',
    }
  }

  handleFileChange = e => {
    this.setState({
      [e.target.name]: e.target.files[0],
    })
  }

  handleSubmit = async e => {
    e.preventDefault();

    const formData = new FormData();
    for (let name in this.state) {
      formData.append(name, this.state[name]);
    }

    await fetch('/api/upload', {
      method: 'POST',
      body: formData,
    });

    alert('done');
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <input 
          name="image" 
          type="file"
          onChange={this.handleFileChange}>
        </input>
        <input type="submit"></input>
      </form>
    )
  }
}

export default Upload;

Answer 5

这是我通过 axios.

预览图片上传的解决方案

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from "axios";

反应组件Class:

class FileUpload extends Component {

    // API Endpoints
    custom_file_upload_url = `YOUR_API_ENDPOINT_SHOULD_GOES_HERE`;


    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.state = {
            image_file: null,
            image_preview: '',
        }
    }

    // Image Preview Handler
    handleImagePreview = (e) => {
        let image_as_base64 = URL.createObjectURL(e.target.files[0])
        let image_as_files = e.target.files[0];

        this.setState({
            image_preview: image_as_base64,
            image_file: image_as_files,
        })
    }

    // Image/File Submit Handler
    handleSubmitFile = () => {

        if (this.state.image_file !== null){

            let formData = new FormData();
            formData.append('customFile', this.state.image_file);
            // the image field name should be similar to your api endpoint field name
            // in my case here the field name is customFile

            axios.post(
                this.custom_file_upload_url,
                formData,
                {
                    headers: {
                        "Authorization": "YOUR_API_AUTHORIZATION_KEY_SHOULD_GOES_HERE_IF_HAVE",
                        "Content-type": "multipart/form-data",
                    },                    
                }
            )
            .then(res => {
                console.log(`Success` + res.data);
            })
            .catch(err => {
                console.log(err);
            })
        }
    }


    // render from here
    render() { 
        return (
            <div>
                {/* image preview */}
                <img src={this.state.image_preview} alt="image preview"/>

                {/* image input field */}
                <input
                    type="file"
                    onChange={this.handleImagePreview}
                />
                <label>Upload file</label>
                <input type="submit" onClick={this.handleSubmitFile} value="Submit"/>
            </div>
        );
    }
}

export default FileUpload;

Answer 6

https://muffinman.io/uploading-files-using-fetch-multipart-form-data/ 最适合我。它使用 formData.

import React from "react";
import logo from "./logo.svg";
import "./App.css";
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
import Button from "react-bootstrap/Button";

const ReactDOM = require("react-dom");


export default class App extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.test = this.test.bind(this);
    this.state = {
      fileUploadOngoing: false
    };
  }

  test() {
    console.log(
      "Test this.state.fileUploadOngoing=" + this.state.fileUploadOngoing
    );
    this.setState({
      fileUploadOngoing: true
    });

    const fileInput = document.querySelector("#fileInput");
    const formData = new FormData();

    formData.append("file", fileInput.files[0]);
    formData.append("test", "StringValueTest");

    const options = {
      method: "POST",
      body: formData
      // If you add this, upload won't work
      // headers: {
      //   'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data',
      // }
    };
    fetch("http://localhost:5000/ui/upload/file", options);
  }
  render() {
    console.log("this.state.fileUploadOngoing=" + this.state.fileUploadOngoing);
    return (
      <div>
        <input id="fileInput" type="file" name="file" />
        <Button onClick={this.test} variant="primary">
          Primary
        </Button>

        {this.state.fileUploadOngoing && (
          <div>
            <h1> File upload ongoing abc 123</h1>
            {console.log(
              "Why is it printing this.state.fileUploadOngoing=" +
                this.state.fileUploadOngoing
            )}
          </div>
        )}

      </div>
    );
  }
}

Answer 7

the request was rejected because no multipart boundary was found".

当您发送 multipart/form-data 时，边界会自动添加到请求 header 的 content-type 中。当参数以边界规则结束时，您必须告诉服务器。你必须像这样设置 Content-type

"Content-Type": `multipart/form-data: boundary=add-random-characters`

这篇文章为您提供指导：https://roytuts.com/boundary-in-multipart-form-data/

The boundary is included to separate name/value pair in the multipart/form-data. The boundary parameter acts like a marker for each pair of name and value in the multipart/form-data. The boundary parameter is automatically added to the Content-Type in the http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) request header.

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