Python multiprocessing - Debugging OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory

Python multiprocessing - Debugging OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory

我面临以下问题。我正在尝试并行化更新文件的函数,但由于 OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory,我无法启动 Pool()。我已经开始在服务器上四处查看,这不像我使用的是旧的、弱的 one/out 实际内存。 参见 htop 此外,free -m 显示除了 ~7GB 的交换内存外,我还有足够的可用内存: 我尝试处理的文件也不是那么大。我将在下面粘贴我的代码(和堆栈跟踪),大小如下:

所用的predictionmatrix数据帧占用了大约。 80MB 根据 pandasdataframe.memory_usage() 文件 geo.geojson 是 2MB

我该如何调试呢?我可以检查什么以及如何检查?感谢任何 tips/tricks!

代码:

def parallelUpdateJSON(paramMatch, predictionmatrix, data):
    for feature in data['features']: 
        currentfeature = predictionmatrix[(predictionmatrix['SId']==feature['properties']['cellId']) & paramMatch]
        if (len(currentfeature) > 0):
            feature['properties'].update({"style": {"opacity": currentfeature.AllActivity.item()}})
        else:
            feature['properties'].update({"style": {"opacity": 0}})

def writeGeoJSON(weekdaytopredict, hourtopredict, predictionmatrix):
    with open('geo.geojson') as f:
        data = json.load(f)
    paramMatch = (predictionmatrix['Hour']==hourtopredict) & (predictionmatrix['Weekday']==weekdaytopredict)
    pool = Pool()
    func = partial(parallelUpdateJSON, paramMatch, predictionmatrix)
    pool.map(func, data)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

    with open('output.geojson', 'w') as outfile:
        json.dump(data, outfile)

堆栈跟踪:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-428-d6121ed2750b> in <module>()
----> 1 writeGeoJSON(6, 15, baseline)

<ipython-input-427-973b7a5a8acc> in writeGeoJSON(weekdaytopredict, hourtopredict, predictionmatrix)
     14     print("Start loop")
     15     paramMatch = (predictionmatrix['Hour']==hourtopredict) & (predictionmatrix['Weekday']==weekdaytopredict)
---> 16     pool = Pool(2)
     17     func = partial(parallelUpdateJSON, paramMatch, predictionmatrix)
     18     print(predictionmatrix.memory_usage())

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/context.py in Pool(self, processes, initializer, initargs, maxtasksperchild)
    116         from .pool import Pool
    117         return Pool(processes, initializer, initargs, maxtasksperchild,
--> 118                     context=self.get_context())
    119 
    120     def RawValue(self, typecode_or_type, *args):

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/pool.py in __init__(self, processes, initializer, initargs, maxtasksperchild, context)
    166         self._processes = processes
    167         self._pool = []
--> 168         self._repopulate_pool()
    169 
    170         self._worker_handler = threading.Thread(

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/pool.py in _repopulate_pool(self)
    231             w.name = w.name.replace('Process', 'PoolWorker')
    232             w.daemon = True
--> 233             w.start()
    234             util.debug('added worker')
    235 

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/process.py in start(self)
    103                'daemonic processes are not allowed to have children'
    104         _cleanup()
--> 105         self._popen = self._Popen(self)
    106         self._sentinel = self._popen.sentinel
    107         _children.add(self)

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/context.py in _Popen(process_obj)
    265         def _Popen(process_obj):
    266             from .popen_fork import Popen
--> 267             return Popen(process_obj)
    268 
    269     class SpawnProcess(process.BaseProcess):

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py in __init__(self, process_obj)
     18         sys.stderr.flush()
     19         self.returncode = None
---> 20         self._launch(process_obj)
     21 
     22     def duplicate_for_child(self, fd):

/usr/lib/python3.5/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py in _launch(self, process_obj)
     65         code = 1
     66         parent_r, child_w = os.pipe()
---> 67         self.pid = os.fork()
     68         if self.pid == 0:
     69             try:

OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory

更新

根据@robyschek 的解决方案,我已将代码更新为:

global g_predictionmatrix 

def worker_init(predictionmatrix):
    global g_predictionmatrix
    g_predictionmatrix = predictionmatrix    

def parallelUpdateJSON(paramMatch, data_item):
    for feature in data_item['features']: 
        currentfeature = predictionmatrix[(predictionmatrix['SId']==feature['properties']['cellId']) & paramMatch]
        if (len(currentfeature) > 0):
            feature['properties'].update({"style": {"opacity": currentfeature.AllActivity.item()}})
        else:
            feature['properties'].update({"style": {"opacity": 0}})

def use_the_pool(data, paramMatch, predictionmatrix):
    pool = Pool(initializer=worker_init, initargs=(predictionmatrix,))
    func = partial(parallelUpdateJSON, paramMatch)
    pool.map(func, data)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()


def writeGeoJSON(weekdaytopredict, hourtopredict, predictionmatrix):
    with open('geo.geojson') as f:
        data = json.load(f)
    paramMatch = (predictionmatrix['Hour']==hourtopredict) & (predictionmatrix['Weekday']==weekdaytopredict)
    use_the_pool(data, paramMatch, predictionmatrix)     
    with open('trentino-grid.geojson', 'w') as outfile:
        json.dump(data, outfile)

我仍然遇到同样的错误。另外,根据 documentationmap() 应该将我的 data 分成块,所以我认为它不应该复制我的 80MBs rownum 次。我可能是错的... :) 另外我注意到,如果我使用较小的输入(~11MB 而不是 80MB),我不会收到错误。所以我想我正在尝试使用太多内存,但我无法想象它是如何从 80MB 变成 16GB RAM 无法处理的。

使用 multiprocessing.Pool 时,启动进程的默认方式是 forkfork 的问题是整个过程是重复的。 (see details here)。因此,如果您的主进程已经在使用大量内存,则该内存将被复制,达到 MemoryError。例如,如果您的主进程使用 2GB 内存而您使用 8 个子进程,则您将需要 18GB 内存。

您应该尝试使用不同的启动方法,例如 'forkserver''spawn':

from multiprocessing import set_start_method, Pool
set_start_method('forkserver')

# You can then start your Pool without each process
# cloning your entire memory
pool = Pool()
func = partial(parallelUpdateJSON, paramMatch, predictionmatrix)
pool.map(func, data)

这些方法避免了复制您的 Process 的工作区,但由于您需要重新加载正在使用的模块,因此启动速度可能会慢一些。

我们有过几次这样的经历。根据我的系统管理员的说法,unix 中有 "a bug",如果你的内存不足,如果你的进程达到最大文件描述符限制,它会引发同样的错误。

我们有文件描述符泄漏,引发的错误是 [Errno 12] 无法分配内存#012OSError。

所以你应该看看你的脚本并仔细检查问题是否不是创建了太多的 FD 而不是