在 Ubuntu 14.06 上正确安装 Python 3.6 以包含 IDLE

Question

我正在尝试在 Ubuntu 14.06 上安装 Python 3.6。我已经尝试了 get-apt 命令，并尝试从 tarball 安装。无论哪种方式，这都是我收到的错误。

:~/Downloads$ pip install Python-43.4.6.tar.gz 
Requirement 'Python-43.4.6.tar.gz' looks like a filename, but the file does not exist 
Processing ./Python-43.4.6.tar.gz 
Exception: Traceback (most recent call last):   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main     status = self.run(options, args)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run     wb.build(autobuilding=True)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build     self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_files     ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 577, in _prepare_file     session=self.session, hashes=hashes)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 798, in unpack_url     unpack_file_url(link, location, download_dir, hashes=hashes)   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 705, in unpack_file_url     unpack_file(from_path, location, content_type, link)   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 620, in unpack_file     tarfile.is_tarfile(filename) or   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tarfile.py", line 2622, in is_tarfile     t = open(name)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tarfile.py", line 1673, in open     return func(name, "r", fileobj, **kwargs)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tarfile.py", line 1738, in gzopen     fileobj = gzip.GzipFile(name, mode, compresslevel, fileobj)   
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 94, in __init__     fileobj = self.myfileobj = __builtin__.open(filename, mode or 'rb') 
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/michael/Downloads/Python-43.4.6.tar.gz' 

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. 

:~/Downloads$ pip install --upgrade pip 
Collecting pip   
Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)     100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 662kB/s  Installing collected packages: pip 
Successfully installed pip-8.1.1 
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. 

~/Downloads$ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/michael/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

~/Downloads$ python -V
Python 2.7.12

~/Downloads$ python3 -V
Python 3.5.2

我是不是下载了错误的压缩包，或者有没有办法确保我没有安装 Python 2.7？还有，pip版本错误有关系吗？

TIA

Answer 1

首先尝试在 pip 中使用升级命令，看看是否能解决版本问题

 pip3 install --upgrade pip

否则我会建议卸载并执行全新安装。

使用以下命令设置python

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get -y upgrade
 sudo apt-get install python3.6 python3-pip idle3
 pip3 install numpy
 pip3 install spyder

pip3 是为 python3 使用 python 安装程序的命令。

要使用 idle3，只需输入命令 window

 idle3

我建议使用 pip3 安装 spyder，因为 spyder 是一个更高级的 idle，可以跟踪变量和代码编写。更容易定位错误等。

Answer 2

许多 linux 发行版提供 tkinter、IDLE（使用 tkinter）和 turtle（也使用 tkinter）作为单独的发行版。在 SO 中搜索 [tkinter] install tkinter on ubuntu 会显示以前的问题和答案。

sudo apt-get install python3-tk

可能是您所需要的，但与之前的回答相比，详细信息可能有所变化。

在 Ubuntu 14.06 上正确安装 Python 3.6 以包含 IDLE

Proper installation of Python 3.6 on Ubuntu 14.06 to include IDLE

python

ubuntu

pip

python-idle