结构中的类型注入

Question

我想我问的不可能，但我想完全确定，所以我还是问了..

我想从未在模板中传递但以其他方式注入的模板化结构（可用于 constexpr 函数）中获取编译时值。

很难解释，我会尝试一些代码：

template<int A>
struct MagicStruct
{
enum { current = A, injected = /* magic */}
};

template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct
{
enum { first=A, second=B}
/*... injection of B in MagicStruct<A> ... */
};

static const int AVALUE = 1;
static const int BVALUE = 2;

static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first; //== 1
static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second; //== 2
static const int DVALUE = MagicStruct<AVALUE>::injection; //== 2

是否有一些我不知道的技巧允许这样做？

[编辑] 我想在输入中使用 AVALUE 作为模板参数来获取 DVALUE

Answer 1

以下内容对您有帮助吗？

template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct
{
    constexpr static int first = A;
    constexpr static int second = B;
    constexpr static int MAGIC = B;
};

template<int A, class Injection>
struct MagicStruct
{
    constexpr static int current = A;
    constexpr static auto injected = Injection::MAGIC;
};
static const int AVALUE = 1;
static const int BVALUE = 2;

static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first; //== 1
static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second; //== 2
static const int DVALUE = MagicStruct<AVALUE, InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>>::injected; //== 2

很难给出更深入的建议，不知道你想注入什么。

Answer 2

您需要 InjectionStruct 和 MagicStruct 之间的某种关系。出于这个原因，我为 injected 值和 InjectionStruct 中的 typdef 添加了一个额外的模板参数。

第一个例子使用InjectionStruct本身来定义具体的MagicStruct:

示例：

// MagicStruct is generic
template<int A, int INJ>
struct MagicStruct
{
    enum { current = A, injected = INJ};

};

// Injection struct has it own copy of MagicStruct
template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct
{
    enum { first=A, second=B};

    // Provide custom magic number
    constexpr static int provideInjection(){ return B;}

    // Own copy of magicStruct, injected by this template instance.
    template <int X> struct MagicStruct: public ::MagicStruct<X,provideInjection()>{};
};

constexpr static const int AVALUE = 1;
constexpr static const int BVALUE = 2;

constexpr static const int CVALUE1 = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first; //== 1
constexpr static const int CVALUE2 = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second; //== 2
// Using a specific InjectionStruct, provies the MagicStruct with one argument.
constexpr static const int DVALUE3 = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::MagicStruct<AVALUE>::injected; //== 2


int main()
{
    std::cout << CVALUE1 << std::endl;
    std::cout << CVALUE2 << std::endl;
    std::cout << DVALUE3 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

在下面的解决方案中，MagicStruct 从默认值 InjectionStruct 中获取魔法值，即修复。

// InjectionStruct is generic.
template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct
{
    enum { first=A, second=B};
    constexpr static int provideInjection(){ return A+B;}
};


constexpr static const int AVALUE = 1;
constexpr static const int BVALUE = 2;

// Define MagicStruct based on a specific InjectionStruct
template<int A, int INJ = InjectionStruct<A,BVALUE>::provideInjection()>
struct MagicStruct
{
    enum { current = A, injected = INJ};
};

constexpr static const int CVALUE1 = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first; //== 1
constexpr static const int CVALUE2 = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second; //== 2
constexpr static const int DVALUE1 = MagicStruct<3>::injected; // == 5
constexpr static const int DVALUE2 = MagicStruct<DVALUE1>::injected; // == 7
constexpr static const int DVALUE3 = MagicStruct<DVALUE2>::injected; // == 9


int main(int n, char* args[])
{
    std::cout << CVALUE1 << std::endl;
    std::cout << CVALUE2 << std::endl;
    std::cout << DVALUE1 << std::endl;
    std::cout << DVALUE2 << std::endl;
    std::cout << DVALUE3 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Answer 3

您可以将 injected 改为 static int：

template<int A>
struct MagicStruct
{
    enum { current = A };
    static int injected;
};

template<int A>
int MagicStruct<A>::injected;

然后给InjectionStruct一个静态成员，其实例化将填充MagicStruct<A>::injected:

template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct : MagicStruct<A>
{
    enum { first=A, second=B};

    struct filler {
        filler() { MagicStruct<A>::injected = B; }
    };

    static filler inject;
};

template <int A, int B>
typename InjectionStruct<A,B>::filler InjectionStruct<A,B>::inject;

然后要进行注入，你只需要在某处使用inject，或者显式实例化它：

static const int AVALUE = 1;
static const int BVALUE = 2;

static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first; //== 1
static const int DVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second; //== 2
//explicit instantiation
template InjectionStruct<AVALUE,BVALUE>::filler
         InjectionStruct<AVALUE,BVALUE>::inject;
static const int EVALUE = MagicStruct<AVALUE>::injected; //== 2

或者，您可以在用于检索 first 或 second.

的某些函数中隐藏 injected 的实例化

这是一个疯狂的实现，它依赖于通过模板实例化注入函数的实现。如果它没有正确实现相关的标准规则，这可能不适用于您的编译器，但它仍然很有趣，并且在编译时完全透明地工作：

template<typename>struct Type{};

template<int A>
struct MagicStruct
{
    friend constexpr int get_injected(Type<MagicStruct<A>>);
    static constexpr int current() { return A; }

    template <int V = get_injected(Type<MagicStruct<A>>{})> 
    static constexpr int injected() { return V; } 
};


template<int A, int B>
struct InjectionStruct
{
    static constexpr int first() { return A; }
    static constexpr int second() { return B; }

    friend constexpr int get_injected(Type<MagicStruct<A>>) { return B; }
};

您对此实现的使用几乎完全符合您的要求：

static const int AVALUE = 1;
static const int BVALUE = 2;

static const int CVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::first(); //== 1
static const int DVALUE = InjectionStruct<AVALUE, BVALUE>::second(); //== 2
static const int EVALUE = MagicStruct<AVALUE>::injected(); //== 2

Live demo

结构中的类型注入

Type injection in structs

c++

templates

traits

template-meta-programming

constexpr