运行 实验 C++ 中算法的内存使用情况的好方法是什么?

what is a good way to run experiments for the memory usage of an algorithm in C++?

我有用 C++ 实现的算法 A 和算法 BA理论上比B用的space多,实践证明也是这样。我想生成一些漂亮的图表来说明这一点。两种算法都收到一个输入 n,我希望我的实验因不同的 n 而异,因此图表的 x 轴必须类似于 n = 10^6, 2*10^6, ...

通常,当涉及到时间或缓存未命中等数据时,我最喜欢的实验设置方式如下。在 C++ 文件中,我有这样实现的算法:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int counters[1000];
void init_statistics(){
   //use some library for example papi (http://icl.cs.utk.edu/papi/software/)
  //to start counting, store the results in the counters array
}

void stop_statistics(){
   //this is just to stop counting
}
int algA(int n){
//algorithm code
int result = ...
return result;
}

void main(int argc, const char * argv[]){

   int n = atoi(argv[1]);
   init_statistics(); //function that initializes the statistic counters
   int res = algA(n);
   end_statistics(); //function that ends the statistics counters
   cout<<res<<counter[0]<<counter[1]<<....<<endl;

}

然后我会创建一个 python 脚本,用于不同的 n 调用 result = subprocess.check_output(['./algB',...])。之后,解析python中的结果字符串,并以合适的格式打印出来。例如,如果我将 R 用于绘图,我可以将数据打印到外部文件,其中每个计数器由 \t.

分隔

这对我来说效果很好,但现在是我第一次需要有关算法使用的 space 的数据,我不确定如何计算这个 space。一种方法是使用 valgrind,这是 valgrind 的可能输出:

==15447== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==15447== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==15447== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==15447== Command: ./algB 1.txt 2.txt
==15447== 
==15447== 
==15447== HEAP SUMMARY:
==15447==     in use at exit: 72,704 bytes in 1 blocks
==15447==   total heap usage: 39 allocs, 38 frees, 471,174,306 bytes allocated
==15447== 
==15447== LEAK SUMMARY:
==15447==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==15447==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==15447==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==15447==    still reachable: 72,704 bytes in 1 blocks
==15447==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==15447== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==15447== 
==15447== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==15447== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

有趣的数字是 471,174,306 bytes。但是,valgrind 大大减慢了执行时间,同时不只是 return 这个数字,而是这个大字符串。而且我不确定如何解析它,因为出于某种原因,如果使用 python 我调用 result = subprocess.check_output(['valgrind','./algB',...])result 字符串仅存储 ./algB 的输出并完全忽略 valgrind returns.

提前谢谢你!

memcheck 是查找内存泄漏的工具,您应该使用 massif (another tool available in valgrind) 进行内存分配分析。