如何从 unix 连接到 oracle 数据库

Question

我正在尝试从我的 unix 机器连接到 oracle 数据库。一般来说，我是剧本写作的新手。我知道如何浏览 unix 并编写了基本脚本（读取/显示）并使用 bash 命令执行它们。我也知道如何查看 unix 中的变量（用户和系统）。你能告诉我连接到 oracle 数据库需要做什么吗？使用 sqlplus 命令？在此之前我必须设置任何变量吗？

Answer 1

设置ORACLE_HOME & ORACLE_SID 环境变量。然后使用 sqlplus 用户名@ORACLE_SID

Answer 2

Could you tell me what i need to do to connect to an oracle database? do I use the sqlplus command?

嗯，当然可以，您需要使用 SQL*Plus。但是，在此之前，您需要确定几件事：

导出ORACLE_HOME变量

例如，

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

导出 PATH 变量

例如，

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

导出 SID

例如，

export ORACLE_SID="your database service name"

确保 tnsnames.ora 配置正确
确保 listener 已启动并且运行正在侦听正确的端口。

您应该能够连接到数据库：

sqlplus username/password@sid

Answer 3

确保您已在您的 unix 用户路径环境中导出所有必需的 Oracle 变量，如下所示：

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

并确保 tnsnames.ora 文件配置正确并且监听器应该启动并且运行如下所示。

[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:12:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$

现在您可以通过多种方式从 unix 命令提示符连接数据库。

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.244.128:1521/orcl

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:29:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 


[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 13 12:30:23 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$

如何从 unix 连接到 oracle 数据库

how to connect to an oracle database from unix

database

unix

oracle

shell

sqlplus