python flask 如何将动态参数传递给装饰器

python flask how to pass a dynamic parameter to a decorator

我正在使用 python flask 框架。我写了一个需要参数的装饰器,这个参数是动态的。

我的装饰器如下所示,将获得一个密钥,并使用密钥从 redis 中获取数据。

def redis_hash_shop_style(key):
    def fn_wrapper(f):
        @wraps(f)
        def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs):
            data = redis_hash(key)
            return data
        return decorated_function
return fn_wrapper

我class使用这个装饰器,代码如下

class ShopAreaAndStyleListAPI(Resource):
    @redis_hash_shop_style(key='shop_{}_style'.format(g.city.id))
    def get(self):
        # if not found from redis, query from mysql
        pass

如你所见,我的装饰器需要一个名为 key 的参数,我这样传递密钥

@redis_hash_shop_style(key='shop_{}_style'.format(g.city.id)) g.city.id会得到城市的id,如果一切正常的话,key就是这样

shop_100_style

但我得到了错误:

class ShopAreaAndStyleListAPI(Resource):
File "xx.py", line 659, in ShopAreaAndStyleListAPI

@redis_hash_shop_style(key='shop_{}_style'.format(g.city.id))

File "/Users/xx/.virtualenvs/yy/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py", line 347, in __getattr__
return getattr(self._get_current_object(), name)
File "/Users/xx/.virtualenvs/yy/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py", line 306, in _get_current_object
return self.__local()
File "/Users/xx/.virtualenvs/yy/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/globals.py", line 44, in _lookup_app_object
raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg)
RuntimeError: Working outside of application context.

This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that 
needed to interface with the current application object in a way.  
To solve this set up an application context with app.app_context().  
See the documentation for more information.

我很困惑,在flask中,如何将动态参数传递给装饰器?

谢谢。

如果我们检查 flask application globalflask.g 的文档,它说:

To share data that is valid for one request only from one function to another, a global variable is not good enough because it would break in threaded environments. Flask provides you with a special object that ensures it is only valid for the active request and that will return different values for each request.

这是通过使用线程本地代理(在 flask/globals.py 中)实现的:

g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, 'g'))

我们应该记住的另一件事是 Python 正在 "compile" 阶段执行装饰器的第一遍,在任何请求或 flask 应用程序之外。这意味着当您的应用程序启动时(当您的 class 正在 parsed/decorated 时),key 参数在 flask 请求上下文之外被分配了一个值 'shop_{}_style'.format(g.city.id)

但是我们可以通过使用惰性代理轻松延迟对 flask.g 的访问,该代理仅在使用时通过回调函数获取值。让我们使用已经与 flask 捆绑在一起的 werkzeug.local.LocalProxy:

from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy

class ShopAreaAndStyleListAPI(Resource):
    @redis_hash_shop_style(key=LocalProxy(lambda: 'shop_{}_style'.format(g.city.id)))
    def get(self):
        # if not found from redis, query from mysql
        pass

通常(对于非flask 或非werkzeug 应用程序),我们可以使用ProxyTypes 包中的类似LazyProxy

与此无关,您还需要修复 redis_hash_shop_style 装饰器,使其不仅从 redis 获取,而且还更新(或创建)过时(或非存在),通过在适当的时候调用包装的 f()