塔防：炮塔跟踪敌人和射击问题
Tower defense: turret tracking enemy and shooting issues
这是我的代码：
func bombTowerTurnShoot() {
var prevDistance:CGFloat = 1000000
var closesetZombie = zombieArray[0]
self.enumerateChildNodes(withName: "bomb tower") {
node, stop in
if self.zombieArray.count > 0 {
for zombie in self.zombieArray {
if let bombTower = node as? SKSpriteNode {
let angle = atan2(closesetZombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x , closesetZombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
let actionTurn = SKAction.rotate(toAngle: -(angle - CGFloat(Double.pi/2)), duration: 0.2)
bombTower.run(actionTurn)
let turretBullet = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "Level 1 Turret Bullet")
turretBullet.position = bombTower.position
turretBullet.zPosition = 20
turretBullet.size = CGSize(width: 20, height: 20)
//turretBullet.setScale (frame.size.height / 5000)
turretBullet.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(circleOfRadius: max(turretBullet.size.width / 2, turretBullet.size.height / 2))
turretBullet.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
turretBullet.physicsBody!.categoryBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Bullet //new contact
turretBullet.physicsBody!.collisionBitMask = PhysicsCategories.None
turretBullet.physicsBody!.contactTestBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Zombie
self.addChild(turretBullet)
var dx = CGFloat(closesetZombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x)
var dy = CGFloat(closesetZombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
let magnitude = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
dx /= magnitude
dy /= magnitude
let vector = CGVector(dx: 4.0 * dx, dy: 4.0 * dy)
func fire () {
turretBullet.physicsBody?.applyImpulse(vector)
}
func deleteBullet() {
turretBullet.removeFromParent()
}
turretBullet.run(SKAction.sequence([SKAction.wait(forDuration: 0), SKAction.run(fire), SKAction.wait(forDuration: 2.0), SKAction.run(deleteBullet) ]))
let distance = hypot(zombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x, zombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
if distance < prevDistance {
prevDistance = distance
closesetZombie = zombie
}
}
}
}
}
}
这段代码的作用是将炮塔转向最近的僵尸并射击它。据我所知，炮塔正在转向最近的僵尸（如果你能判断这段代码是否真正实现了这一点，我想知道）。我遇到的更大问题是炮塔有时会发射不止一颗子弹。我认为这是因为它试图向阵列中的所有僵尸开火，而不是指定的僵尸（最靠近塔）。我怎样才能让炮塔只射击最近的僵尸？
class GameScene: SKScene, SKPhysicsContactDelegate {//new contact
var zombieArray:[SKSpriteNode] = []
...
...
}
我将所有僵尸添加到数组中，一旦它们死亡，我就将它们从数组中移除。
基本上，我不知道你做错了什么。你有很多事情要做，试图找出错误可能比重写它花费的时间更长（至少对我而言）。这就是我所做的。
这是 github 上项目的 link：
https://github.com/fluidityt/ShootClosestZombie/tree/master
对我来说，这就是将操作分成不同的方法，并将一般操作与逻辑分开。
您发生了太多事情，很难测试/查看哪些部分工作正常。这是使用更小的方法以及将动作与逻辑分开的地方。您的动作可能工作正常，但可能由于逻辑错误而未被调用。
所以，我实现它的方法是让你的炸弹炮塔成为它自己的 class.. 这样我们就可以让炸弹炮塔负责它的大部分动作，然后让 gameScene 处理大部分实现/和/或逻辑。
我上传的演示展示了两个炮塔，它们每帧自动将自己定位到最近的僵尸，然后每秒向它们射击。点击屏幕添加更多僵尸。
炮塔独立追踪最近的僵尸所以如果你在左边和右边生成僵尸，那么左边的炮塔会射击左边的僵尸，右边的炮塔将向右边的僵尸射击（而且只有一次！）。
class BombTower: SKSpriteNode {
static let bombName = "bomb tower"
var closestZombie: SKSpriteNode!
func updateClosestZombie() {
let gameScene = (self.scene! as! GameScene)
let zombieArray = gameScene.zombieArray
var prevDistance:CGFloat = 1000000
var closestZombie = zombieArray[0]
for zombie in zombieArray {
let distance = hypot(zombie.position.x - self.position.x, zombie.position.y - self.position.y)
if distance < prevDistance {
prevDistance = distance
closestZombie = zombie
}
}
self.closestZombie = closestZombie
}
func turnTowardsClosestZombie() {
let angle = atan2(closestZombie.position.x - self.position.x , closestZombie.position.y - self.position.y)
let actionTurn = SKAction.rotate(toAngle: -(angle - CGFloat(Double.pi/2)), duration: 0.2)
self.run(actionTurn)
}
private func makeTurretBullet() -> SKSpriteNode {
let turretBullet = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "Level 1 Turret Bullet")
turretBullet.position = self.position
turretBullet.zPosition = 20
turretBullet.size = CGSize(width: 20, height: 20)
//turretBullet.setScale (frame.size.height / 5000)
turretBullet.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(circleOfRadius: max(turretBullet.size.width / 2, turretBullet.size.height / 2))
turretBullet.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.categoryBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Bullet //new contact
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.collisionBitMask = PhysicsCategories.None
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.contactTestBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Zombie
return turretBullet
}
private func fire(turretBullet: SKSpriteNode) {
var dx = CGFloat(closestZombie.position.x - self.position.x)
var dy = CGFloat(closestZombie.position.y - self.position.y)
let magnitude = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
dx /= magnitude
dy /= magnitude
let vector = CGVector(dx: 4.0 * dx, dy: 4.0 * dy)
turretBullet.physicsBody?.applyImpulse(vector)
}
func addBulletThenShootAtClosestZOmbie() {
let bullet = makeTurretBullet()
scene!.addChild(bullet)
fire(turretBullet: bullet)
}
}
// TODO: delete bullets, hit detection, and add SKConstraint for tracking instead of update.
// Also, I think that we are iterating too much looking for nodes. Should be able to reduce that.
// Also also, there are sure to be bugs if zombieArray is empty.
class GameScene: SKScene {
var zombieArray: [SKSpriteNode] = []
private func makeBombArray() -> [BombTower]? {
guard self.zombieArray.count > 0 else { return nil }
var towerArray: [BombTower] = []
self.enumerateChildNodes(withName: BombTower.bombName) { node, _ in towerArray.append(node as! BombTower) }
guard towerArray.count > 0 else { return nil }
return towerArray
}
private func towersShootEverySecond(towerArray: [BombTower]) {
let action = SKAction.run {
for bombTower in towerArray {
guard bombTower.closestZombie != nil else { continue } // I haven't tested this guard statement yet.
bombTower.addBulletThenShootAtClosestZOmbie()
}
}
self.run(.repeatForever(.sequence([.wait(forDuration: 1), action])))
}
override func didMove(to view: SKView) {
// Demo setup:
removeAllChildren()
makeTestZombie: do {
spawnZombie(at: CGPoint.zero)
}
makeTower1: do {
let tower = BombTower(color: .yellow, size: CGSize(width: 55, height: 55))
let turretGun = SKSpriteNode(color: .gray, size: CGSize(width: 25, height: 15))
turretGun.position.x = tower.frame.maxX + turretGun.size.height/2
tower.name = BombTower.bombName
tower.addChild(turretGun)
addChild(tower)
}
makeTower2: do {
let tower = BombTower(color: .yellow, size: CGSize(width: 55, height: 55))
let turretGun = SKSpriteNode(color: .gray, size: CGSize(width: 25, height: 15))
turretGun.position.x = tower.frame.maxX + turretGun.size.height/2
tower.addChild(turretGun)
tower.position.x += 200
tower.name = BombTower.bombName
addChild(tower)
}
guard let towerArray = makeBombArray() else { fatalError("couldn't make array!") }
towersShootEverySecond(towerArray: towerArray)
}
private func spawnZombie(at location: CGPoint) {
let zombie = SKSpriteNode(color: .blue, size: CGSize(width: 35, height: 50))
zombieArray.append(zombie)
zombie.position = location
zombie.run(.move(by: CGVector(dx: 3000, dy: -3000), duration: 50))
addChild(zombie)
}
// Just change this to touchesBegan for it to work on iOS:
override func mouseDown(with event: NSEvent) {
let location = event.location(in: self)
spawnZombie(at: location)
}
// I think this could be a constrain or action, but I couldn't get either to work right now.
private func keepTowersTrackingNearestZombie() {
guard let towerArray = makeBombArray() else { return }
for tower in towerArray {
tower.updateClosestZombie()
tower.turnTowardsClosestZombie()
}
}
override func update(_ currentTime: TimeInterval) {
keepTowersTrackingNearestZombie()
}
}
这是我的代码：
func bombTowerTurnShoot() {
var prevDistance:CGFloat = 1000000
var closesetZombie = zombieArray[0]
self.enumerateChildNodes(withName: "bomb tower") {
node, stop in
if self.zombieArray.count > 0 {
for zombie in self.zombieArray {
if let bombTower = node as? SKSpriteNode {
let angle = atan2(closesetZombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x , closesetZombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
let actionTurn = SKAction.rotate(toAngle: -(angle - CGFloat(Double.pi/2)), duration: 0.2)
bombTower.run(actionTurn)
let turretBullet = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "Level 1 Turret Bullet")
turretBullet.position = bombTower.position
turretBullet.zPosition = 20
turretBullet.size = CGSize(width: 20, height: 20)
//turretBullet.setScale (frame.size.height / 5000)
turretBullet.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(circleOfRadius: max(turretBullet.size.width / 2, turretBullet.size.height / 2))
turretBullet.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
turretBullet.physicsBody!.categoryBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Bullet //new contact
turretBullet.physicsBody!.collisionBitMask = PhysicsCategories.None
turretBullet.physicsBody!.contactTestBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Zombie
self.addChild(turretBullet)
var dx = CGFloat(closesetZombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x)
var dy = CGFloat(closesetZombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
let magnitude = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
dx /= magnitude
dy /= magnitude
let vector = CGVector(dx: 4.0 * dx, dy: 4.0 * dy)
func fire () {
turretBullet.physicsBody?.applyImpulse(vector)
}
func deleteBullet() {
turretBullet.removeFromParent()
}
turretBullet.run(SKAction.sequence([SKAction.wait(forDuration: 0), SKAction.run(fire), SKAction.wait(forDuration: 2.0), SKAction.run(deleteBullet) ]))
let distance = hypot(zombie.position.x - bombTower.position.x, zombie.position.y - bombTower.position.y)
if distance < prevDistance {
prevDistance = distance
closesetZombie = zombie
}
}
}
}
}
}
这段代码的作用是将炮塔转向最近的僵尸并射击它。据我所知，炮塔正在转向最近的僵尸（如果你能判断这段代码是否真正实现了这一点，我想知道）。我遇到的更大问题是炮塔有时会发射不止一颗子弹。我认为这是因为它试图向阵列中的所有僵尸开火，而不是指定的僵尸（最靠近塔）。我怎样才能让炮塔只射击最近的僵尸？
class GameScene: SKScene, SKPhysicsContactDelegate {//new contact
var zombieArray:[SKSpriteNode] = []
...
...
}
我将所有僵尸添加到数组中，一旦它们死亡，我就将它们从数组中移除。
基本上，我不知道你做错了什么。你有很多事情要做，试图找出错误可能比重写它花费的时间更长（至少对我而言）。这就是我所做的。
这是 github 上项目的 link：
https://github.com/fluidityt/ShootClosestZombie/tree/master
对我来说，这就是将操作分成不同的方法，并将一般操作与逻辑分开。
您发生了太多事情，很难测试/查看哪些部分工作正常。这是使用更小的方法以及将动作与逻辑分开的地方。您的动作可能工作正常，但可能由于逻辑错误而未被调用。
所以，我实现它的方法是让你的炸弹炮塔成为它自己的 class.. 这样我们就可以让炸弹炮塔负责它的大部分动作，然后让 gameScene 处理大部分实现/和/或逻辑。
我上传的演示展示了两个炮塔，它们每帧自动将自己定位到最近的僵尸，然后每秒向它们射击。点击屏幕添加更多僵尸。
炮塔独立追踪最近的僵尸所以如果你在左边和右边生成僵尸，那么左边的炮塔会射击左边的僵尸，右边的炮塔将向右边的僵尸射击（而且只有一次！）。
class BombTower: SKSpriteNode {
static let bombName = "bomb tower"
var closestZombie: SKSpriteNode!
func updateClosestZombie() {
let gameScene = (self.scene! as! GameScene)
let zombieArray = gameScene.zombieArray
var prevDistance:CGFloat = 1000000
var closestZombie = zombieArray[0]
for zombie in zombieArray {
let distance = hypot(zombie.position.x - self.position.x, zombie.position.y - self.position.y)
if distance < prevDistance {
prevDistance = distance
closestZombie = zombie
}
}
self.closestZombie = closestZombie
}
func turnTowardsClosestZombie() {
let angle = atan2(closestZombie.position.x - self.position.x , closestZombie.position.y - self.position.y)
let actionTurn = SKAction.rotate(toAngle: -(angle - CGFloat(Double.pi/2)), duration: 0.2)
self.run(actionTurn)
}
private func makeTurretBullet() -> SKSpriteNode {
let turretBullet = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "Level 1 Turret Bullet")
turretBullet.position = self.position
turretBullet.zPosition = 20
turretBullet.size = CGSize(width: 20, height: 20)
//turretBullet.setScale (frame.size.height / 5000)
turretBullet.physicsBody = SKPhysicsBody(circleOfRadius: max(turretBullet.size.width / 2, turretBullet.size.height / 2))
turretBullet.physicsBody?.affectedByGravity = false
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.categoryBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Bullet //new contact
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.collisionBitMask = PhysicsCategories.None
// turretBullet.physicsBody!.contactTestBitMask = PhysicsCategories.Zombie
return turretBullet
}
private func fire(turretBullet: SKSpriteNode) {
var dx = CGFloat(closestZombie.position.x - self.position.x)
var dy = CGFloat(closestZombie.position.y - self.position.y)
let magnitude = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
dx /= magnitude
dy /= magnitude
let vector = CGVector(dx: 4.0 * dx, dy: 4.0 * dy)
turretBullet.physicsBody?.applyImpulse(vector)
}
func addBulletThenShootAtClosestZOmbie() {
let bullet = makeTurretBullet()
scene!.addChild(bullet)
fire(turretBullet: bullet)
}
}
// TODO: delete bullets, hit detection, and add SKConstraint for tracking instead of update.
// Also, I think that we are iterating too much looking for nodes. Should be able to reduce that.
// Also also, there are sure to be bugs if zombieArray is empty.
class GameScene: SKScene {
var zombieArray: [SKSpriteNode] = []
private func makeBombArray() -> [BombTower]? {
guard self.zombieArray.count > 0 else { return nil }
var towerArray: [BombTower] = []
self.enumerateChildNodes(withName: BombTower.bombName) { node, _ in towerArray.append(node as! BombTower) }
guard towerArray.count > 0 else { return nil }
return towerArray
}
private func towersShootEverySecond(towerArray: [BombTower]) {
let action = SKAction.run {
for bombTower in towerArray {
guard bombTower.closestZombie != nil else { continue } // I haven't tested this guard statement yet.
bombTower.addBulletThenShootAtClosestZOmbie()
}
}
self.run(.repeatForever(.sequence([.wait(forDuration: 1), action])))
}
override func didMove(to view: SKView) {
// Demo setup:
removeAllChildren()
makeTestZombie: do {
spawnZombie(at: CGPoint.zero)
}
makeTower1: do {
let tower = BombTower(color: .yellow, size: CGSize(width: 55, height: 55))
let turretGun = SKSpriteNode(color: .gray, size: CGSize(width: 25, height: 15))
turretGun.position.x = tower.frame.maxX + turretGun.size.height/2
tower.name = BombTower.bombName
tower.addChild(turretGun)
addChild(tower)
}
makeTower2: do {
let tower = BombTower(color: .yellow, size: CGSize(width: 55, height: 55))
let turretGun = SKSpriteNode(color: .gray, size: CGSize(width: 25, height: 15))
turretGun.position.x = tower.frame.maxX + turretGun.size.height/2
tower.addChild(turretGun)
tower.position.x += 200
tower.name = BombTower.bombName
addChild(tower)
}
guard let towerArray = makeBombArray() else { fatalError("couldn't make array!") }
towersShootEverySecond(towerArray: towerArray)
}
private func spawnZombie(at location: CGPoint) {
let zombie = SKSpriteNode(color: .blue, size: CGSize(width: 35, height: 50))
zombieArray.append(zombie)
zombie.position = location
zombie.run(.move(by: CGVector(dx: 3000, dy: -3000), duration: 50))
addChild(zombie)
}
// Just change this to touchesBegan for it to work on iOS:
override func mouseDown(with event: NSEvent) {
let location = event.location(in: self)
spawnZombie(at: location)
}
// I think this could be a constrain or action, but I couldn't get either to work right now.
private func keepTowersTrackingNearestZombie() {
guard let towerArray = makeBombArray() else { return }
for tower in towerArray {
tower.updateClosestZombie()
tower.turnTowardsClosestZombie()
}
}
override func update(_ currentTime: TimeInterval) {
keepTowersTrackingNearestZombie()
}
}