Swift CORDIC 算法给出不变的答案
Swift CORDIC Algorithm gives constant answer
上翻译 MATLAB 语言
但是当我输入这些时:
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20))
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20))
我明白了
[-0.17163433840184755, 0.98516072489744066]
[-0.17163433840184755, 0.98516072489744066]
它总是给我一个不变的答案。为什么?我确定 "angle" 和 "Kvalues" 数组计算正确。
代码如下:
import Foundation
var angles: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, to: 27, by: 1) {
angles.append(atan(pow(2, -i)))
}
var Kvalues: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, to: 23, by: 1) {
Kvalues.append(1/sqrt(abs(Double(1) + pow(2,-2 * i))))
if i > 0 {
Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 1] *= Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 2]
}
}
func min(_ a: Int, _ b: Int) -> Int {
return a > b ? b : a
}
func cordic(beta: Double, n: Int) -> [Double] {
var beta1 = beta
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n, Kvalues.count - 1)]
var v: [Double] = [1,0]
var poweroftwo: Double = 1
var angle = angles[0]
for j in 0 ..< n {
let sigma: Double = beta < 0 ? -1 : 1
let factor: Double = sigma * poweroftwo
v = [v[0] - v[1] * factor, v[1] + v[0] * factor]
beta1 -= sigma * angle
poweroftwo /= 2
angle = j + 2 > angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 2]
}
return [v[0] * Kn, v[1] * Kn]
}
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20))
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20))
不同的输入会得到相同的结果,因为在
let sigma: Double = beta < 0 ? -1 : 1
beta
应该是beta1
,也就是局部变量就是
循环更新。
但即使修复后结果也不正确,那就是
由两个 "off-by-one" 索引错误引起。 算法中的数组
description 是从 1 开始的,Swift 数组是从 0 开始的。所以
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n, Kvalues.count - 1)]
// should be
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n-1, Kvalues.count - 1)]
和
angle = j + 2 > angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 2]
// should be
angle = j + 1 >= angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 1]
应该为 i
定义 angles
和 Kvalues
数组,范围从 0 到 ,包括 27 个。 23.
最后,您无需定义自己的 min
函数,因为 Swift 标准库中已有该函数。
将它们放在一起你的代码将是:
var angles: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, through: 27, by: 1) {
angles.append(atan(pow(2, -i)))
}
var Kvalues: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, through: 23, by: 1) {
Kvalues.append(1/sqrt(abs(Double(1) + pow(2,-2 * i))))
if i > 0 {
Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 1] *= Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 2]
}
}
func cordic(beta: Double, n: Int) -> [Double] {
var beta1 = beta
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n-1, Kvalues.count - 1)]
var v: [Double] = [1,0]
var poweroftwo: Double = 1
var angle = angles[0]
for j in 0 ..< n {
let sigma: Double = beta1 < 0 ? -1 : 1
let factor: Double = sigma * poweroftwo
v = [v[0] - v[1] * factor, v[1] + v[0] * factor]
beta1 -= sigma * angle
poweroftwo /= 2
angle = j + 1 >= angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 1]
}
return [v[0] * Kn, v[1] * Kn]
}
这会产生很好的近似值:
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20)) // [0.93969210812600046, 0.34202155184390554]
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20)) // [0.92388022188807306, 0.38268176805806309]
准确值为
print(cos(Double.pi/9), sin(Double.pi/9)) // 0.939692620785908 0.342020143325669
print(cos(Double.pi/8), sin(Double.pi/8)) // 0.923879532511287 0.38268343236509
但是当我输入这些时:
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20))
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20))
我明白了
[-0.17163433840184755, 0.98516072489744066]
[-0.17163433840184755, 0.98516072489744066]
它总是给我一个不变的答案。为什么?我确定 "angle" 和 "Kvalues" 数组计算正确。
代码如下:
import Foundation
var angles: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, to: 27, by: 1) {
angles.append(atan(pow(2, -i)))
}
var Kvalues: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, to: 23, by: 1) {
Kvalues.append(1/sqrt(abs(Double(1) + pow(2,-2 * i))))
if i > 0 {
Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 1] *= Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 2]
}
}
func min(_ a: Int, _ b: Int) -> Int {
return a > b ? b : a
}
func cordic(beta: Double, n: Int) -> [Double] {
var beta1 = beta
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n, Kvalues.count - 1)]
var v: [Double] = [1,0]
var poweroftwo: Double = 1
var angle = angles[0]
for j in 0 ..< n {
let sigma: Double = beta < 0 ? -1 : 1
let factor: Double = sigma * poweroftwo
v = [v[0] - v[1] * factor, v[1] + v[0] * factor]
beta1 -= sigma * angle
poweroftwo /= 2
angle = j + 2 > angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 2]
}
return [v[0] * Kn, v[1] * Kn]
}
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20))
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20))
不同的输入会得到相同的结果,因为在
let sigma: Double = beta < 0 ? -1 : 1
beta
应该是beta1
,也就是局部变量就是
循环更新。
但即使修复后结果也不正确,那就是 由两个 "off-by-one" 索引错误引起。 算法中的数组 description 是从 1 开始的,Swift 数组是从 0 开始的。所以
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n, Kvalues.count - 1)]
// should be
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n-1, Kvalues.count - 1)]
和
angle = j + 2 > angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 2]
// should be
angle = j + 1 >= angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 1]
应该为 i
定义 angles
和 Kvalues
数组,范围从 0 到 ,包括 27 个。 23.
最后,您无需定义自己的 min
函数,因为 Swift 标准库中已有该函数。
将它们放在一起你的代码将是:
var angles: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, through: 27, by: 1) {
angles.append(atan(pow(2, -i)))
}
var Kvalues: [Double] = []
for i: Double in stride(from: 0, through: 23, by: 1) {
Kvalues.append(1/sqrt(abs(Double(1) + pow(2,-2 * i))))
if i > 0 {
Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 1] *= Kvalues[Kvalues.count - 2]
}
}
func cordic(beta: Double, n: Int) -> [Double] {
var beta1 = beta
let Kn = Kvalues[min(n-1, Kvalues.count - 1)]
var v: [Double] = [1,0]
var poweroftwo: Double = 1
var angle = angles[0]
for j in 0 ..< n {
let sigma: Double = beta1 < 0 ? -1 : 1
let factor: Double = sigma * poweroftwo
v = [v[0] - v[1] * factor, v[1] + v[0] * factor]
beta1 -= sigma * angle
poweroftwo /= 2
angle = j + 1 >= angles.count ? angle / 2 : angles[j + 1]
}
return [v[0] * Kn, v[1] * Kn]
}
这会产生很好的近似值:
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/9, n: 20)) // [0.93969210812600046, 0.34202155184390554]
print(cordic(beta: Double.pi/8, n: 20)) // [0.92388022188807306, 0.38268176805806309]
准确值为
print(cos(Double.pi/9), sin(Double.pi/9)) // 0.939692620785908 0.342020143325669
print(cos(Double.pi/8), sin(Double.pi/8)) // 0.923879532511287 0.38268343236509