这个 Angular 2 应用程序中的服务层次结构究竟是如何工作的?

How exactly works the services hierarchy in this Angular 2 application?

我是 Angular 2 的新手,我有以下关于 services 的问题。

进入主视图(与app.component.tsclass相关的那个)我的情况是:

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
      <app-new-account (accountAdded)="onAccountAdded($event)"></app-new-account>
      <hr>
      <app-account
        *ngFor="let acc of accounts; let i = index"
        [account]="acc"
        [id]="i"
        (statusChanged)="onStatusChanged($event)"></app-account>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

所以在这个视图中我有 2 个子组件(app-new-accountapp-account)。

进入主AppComponent组件class我有:

import {Component, OnInit} from '@angular/core';
import {AccountsService} from './accounts.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css'],
  providers: [AccountsService]
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {

  accounts: {name: string, status: string}[] = [];

  // Injectiong the AccountsService:
  constructor(private accountsService: AccountsService) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.accounts = this.accountsService.accounts;
  }

}

我通过此行将 AccountsService 定义为组件装饰器中的服务:

providers: [AccountsService]

据我了解,它指定此 class 是 AccountsService 必须注册为 AppComponent 的服务主要组件和 其所有子组件。这个说法是真的还是我遗漏了什么?

所以,就是说这两个子组件classes与之前的app-new-accountapp-account[=相关47=] 标签共享 AccountsService class 的同一个实例作为服务?

这是因为在这两个子组件的 providers 数组中我没有 AccountsService 吗?

是我的推理正确还是我遗漏了什么?

So, it means that the two sub components classes related to the previous app-new-account and app-account tags share the same instance of the AccountsService class as service?

是的。每个组件实例都会创建一个注入器。由于注入器是分层的,因此组件的所有子组件都访问与父组件相同的服务实例。 除非他们使用相同的标记在自己的providers数组中定义服务。这是喷油器的示意图:

// all components share the same instance
     AppComponentInjector
  providers: [AccountsService]
       /               \
      /                 \
 app-new-account     app-account

    // app-new-account has its own instance
             AppComponentInjector
          providers: [AccountsService]
           /                     \
          /                       \
   app-new-account                 app-account
   providers: [AccountsService]

     // every component has its own instance
         AppComponentInjector
      providers: [AccountsService]
       /                           \
      /                             \
  app-new-account                   app-account
  providers: [AccountsService]      providers: [AccountsService]

宿主元素

我还想在这里提供更多细节,因为我认为这在其他地方没有得到清楚的解释。注入器是在 component/directive 宿主元素 上创建的。这意味着指令会在它所在的宿主元素上创建自己的注入器。

因此,如果您在 AppComponent 模板中的 hr 元素上放置带有提供者的指令:

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
      <app-new-account (accountAdded)="onAccountAdded($event)"></app-new-account>
      <hr somedirectivewithproviders>  <----------------

您将具有以下层次结构:

  // all components and directives share the same instance
                AppComponentInjector
            providers: [AccountsService]
        /               |                  \
       /                |                   \
app-new-account somedirectivewithproviders   app-account

表示如果somedirectivewithproviders定义了AccountsService并注入,它会像组件一样获取新的实例。但是组件仍然会从 AppComponentInjector:

中获取实例
  // all components and directives share the same instance
                    AppComponentInjector
                 providers: [AccountsService]
        /                      |                    \
       /                       |                     \
// gets same instance   //gets new own instance      // gets same instance   
 app-new-account      somedirectivewithproviders     app-account
                      providers: [AccountsService]