在 C++ 中加载共享库导致分段错误

Load shared lib in c++ causes segmentation fault

我正在学习 C++,并且正在尝试在 linux (.so) 上加载共享库。

当我 运行 下面的代码时出现分段错误。

当我尝试使用 valgrind 运行 控制台应用程序时,我得到以下信息:

valgrind ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v
==26828== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==26828== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==26828== Using Valgrind-3.12.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==26828== Command: ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v
==26828== 
!!!Hello World!!!
==26828== Jump to the invalid address stated on the next line
==26828==    at 0x0: ???
==26828==    by 0x53E63F0: (below main) (libc-start.c:291)
==26828==  Address 0x0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==26828== 
==26828== 
==26828== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==26828==  Bad permissions for mapped region at address 0x0
==26828==    at 0x0: ???
==26828==    by 0x53E63F0: (below main) (libc-start.c:291)
==26828== 
==26828== HEAP SUMMARY:
==26828==     in use at exit: 3,126 bytes in 9 blocks
==26828==   total heap usage: 13 allocs, 4 frees, 76,998 bytes allocated
==26828== 
==26828== LEAK SUMMARY:
==26828==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==    still reachable: 3,126 bytes in 9 blocks
==26828==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==26828== 
==26828== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==26828== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
[1]    26828 segmentation fault (core dumped)  valgrind ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v

C++ 主要 class

extern "C" typedef char* (*helloWorld_t)();

int main() {

    void* handle = dlopen("./libMyLib.dll.so", RTLD_LAZY);

    if (!handle) {
     cerr << "Cannot open library: " << dlerror() << '\n';
     return 1;
     }
    helloWorld_t hello = (helloWorld_t)dlsym( handle, "helloWorld" );
    const char * tmp = hello();
     printf("\n%s",tmp);

    return 0;
}

外部函数是:

extern "C++" char* helloWorld() {
    char str[25];
    strcpy(str, "HelloWorld");
}

如果我使用 extern "C" 我会得到一个编译错误:

error: conflicting declaration of ‘char* helloWorld()’ with ‘C’ linkage
 extern "C" char* helloWorld() {

我真的不清楚哪里错了。

一个函数不能同时具有 C 和 C++ 链接,函数指针类型必须与其目标函数的链接相匹配。

您不能dlsym extern "C++" 函数的朴素名称。您必须在这两种情况下都使用 extern "C"(推荐),或者在整个过程中使用 extern "C++" 并将 dlsym(handle, "helloWorld") 中的字符串替换为函数的损坏名称(not推荐)。

始终检查 dlsym 的结果,如果它 return 是空指针则报告错误(使用 dlerror() 就像您对 dlopen 所做的那样)。

不要使用字符数组或指针来表示字符串。字符串有一种类型,称为 std::string.

最后但并非最不重要的一点是,始终使用 -Wall -Werror 进行编译,这样实际上 return 没有值的非 void 函数之类的东西将被捕获。

这里有很多问题:

extern "C++" char* helloWorld() {
    char str[25];
    strcpy(str, "HelloWorld");
}

应该使用"C"联动。它应该 return 东西。并将字符串复制到局部变量,因此当 returns 时值会丢失。所以大概

extern "C" char* helloWorld() {
    static char str[25]; // will keep its value accross calls, not thread safe
    return strcpy(str, "HelloWorld"); // return pointer to start of str
}

请注意,多次调用都是 return 同一个静态缓冲区。如果你需要副本,你需要让调用者提供一个缓冲区,或者 return 缓冲区分配 malloc.