PG::ConnectionBad：无法连接到服务器：在使用 passenger、nginx 和 capistrano 部署 rails 应用程序之后
PG::ConnectionBad: could not connect to server: after deploying rails app using passenger, nginx and capistrano
在将 Rails 应用程序重新部署到 Ubuntu 16.04.1 x64 VPS 之后，服务器无法启动。从昨天开始，我一直在尝试解决原因，但没有任何运气。现在我完全无助，别无选择。
部署停止于：
deploy:migrating
01 $HOME/.rbenv/bin/rbenv exec bundle exec rake db:migrate
01 rake aborted!
01 PG::ConnectionBad: could not connect to server: Connection refused
01 Is the server running on host "127.0.0.1" and accepting
01 TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
由于此错误消息，我已根据本文 http://www.railszilla.com/postgresql-tcpip-connections-port-5432/coffee-break
将 pg_hba.conf 和 postgresql.conf 中的设置更改为以下示例
`pg_hba.conf`
# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local all postgres peer
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all md5
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres peer
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 md5
#host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
以及 postgresql.conf 设置（见下文）。
# - Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql' # comma-separated list of
directories
# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security and Authentication -
在 sudo service postgresql restart 重新启动后，我再次部署后仍然出现相同的错误。
更新，database.yml 来自服务器
这是来自服务器的 database.yml。
production:
adapter: postgresql
host: 127.0.0.1
database: databasename
username: username
password: password
encoding: unicode
pool: 5
在/var/log/nginx/error.log最后一行是这样的[ 2017-09-27 13:09:13.4321 1530/7fa87d58e700 age/Cor/Con/CheckoutSession.cpp:285 ]: [Client 1-149] Cannot checkout session because a spawning error occurred. The identifier of the error is c620ca8b. Please see earlier logs for details about the error.
正如它所说，我查看了之前的日志。以下是整个日志。它指的是 order_notifier.rb 应该有一个错误的语法。
这是错误的完整日志 c620ca8b :
[ 2017-09-27 13:02:37.1572 1530/7fa87d58e700 age/Cor/Con/CheckoutSession.cpp:285 ]: [Client 1-148] Cannot checkout session because a spawning error occurred. The identifier of the error is 446bb8e9. Please see earlier logs for details about the error.
App 20925 stdout:
App 20925 stdout:
[ 2017-09-27 13:09:13.4236 1530/7fa88401a700 age/Cor/App/Implementation.cpp:304 ]: Could not spawn process for application /home/deploy/hlinreykdal/current: An error occurred while starting up the preloader.
Error ID: c620ca8b
Error details saved to: /tmp/passenger-error-Mirupe.html
Message from application: /home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL, expecting '='
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected ',', expecting keyword_end
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:12: syntax error, unexpected ')', expecting keyword_end
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL, expecting '='
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected ')', expecting keyword_end (SyntaxError)
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:244:in `rescue in load_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:237:in `load_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:360:in `require_or_load'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:317:in `depend_on'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:233:in `require_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:472:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:471:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:471:in `block in eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:469:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:469:in `eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:346:in `eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
这是 order_notifier.rb 我看不出它有什么问题，也许这里有人可以。
class OrderNotifier < ApplicationMailer
default from: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store <hlin@hlinreykdal.com>'
def received(order)
@order = order
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store')
end
def shipped(order)
@order = order
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
end
end
我已经通过 sudo service nginx restart 重新启动了 nginx 并通过 bundle exec passenger-config restart-app 重新启动了应用程序但是运气不好，如果我再次部署仍然会遇到同样的错误。
我在整个网络上进行了谷歌搜索，并查看了堆栈中的数百篇帖子。似乎没有任何效果。现在我对此感到非常绝望。我之前在部署后遇到过类似的问题，但我总是设法解决它，但这似乎超出了我的范围。
更新
似乎 production log 卡在 23/5 2017 中，即使在我重新启动和部署之后也是如此。好像卡在邮件程序的错误中了？？
I, [2017-05-23T11:01:44.741054 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 500 Internal
Server Error in 66ms (ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)
F, [2017-05-23T11:01:44.743481 #1060] FATAL -- :
SocketError (getaddrinfo: Name or service not known):
app/admin/order.rb:6:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.863192 #1060] INFO -- : Started GET "/products/41" for 164.132.161.46 at 2017-05-23 11:10:08 +0000
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.876373 #1060] INFO -- : Processing by ProductsController#show as */*
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.876536 #1060] INFO -- : Parameters: {"id"=>"41"}
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.881123 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mCart Load (0.7ms)^[[0m SELECT "carts".* FROM "carts" WHERE "carts"."id" = LIMIT 1 [["id", nil]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.882685 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36m (0.2ms)^[[0m ^[[1mBEGIN^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.887770 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mSQL (1.3ms)^[[0m INSERT INTO "carts" ("created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (, ) RETURNING "id" [["created_at", "2017-05-23 11:10:08.883411"], ["updated_at", "2017-05-23 11:10:08.883411"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.890018 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36m (0.7ms)^[[0m ^[[1mCOMMIT^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.893274 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mProduct Load (1.2ms)^[[0m SELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."slug" = ORDER BY "products"."id" ASC LIMIT 1 [["slug", "41"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.894865 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mProduct Load (0.4ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", 41]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.900733 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mLabel Load (1.2ms)^[[0m SELECT "labels".* FROM "labels" WHERE "labels"."id" = LIMIT 1 [["id", 8]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.907954 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mProduct Load (0.6ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."category_id" = ORDER BY RANDOM() LIMIT 6^[[0m [["category_id", 12]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.916955 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered products/show.html.erb within layouts/application (18.7ms)
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.920965 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mCategory Load (0.8ms)^[[0m SELECT "categories".* FROM "categories"
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.924524 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mLabel Load (0.3ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "labels".* FROM "labels"^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.929926 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.3ms)^[[0m SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "product_items" WHERE "product_items"."cart_id" = [["cart_id", 46319]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.930159 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_navbar.html.erb (10.7ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.931046 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_message.html.erb (0.2ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.932261 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered emaillist/_email.html.erb (0.6ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.932381 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_notifications.html.erb (0.9ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.936424 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_footer.html.erb (3.5ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.936826 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 200 OK in 60ms (Views: 36.7ms | ActiveRecord: 7.6ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.005157 #1060] INFO -- : Started GET "/labels/10" for 66.249.65.74 at 2017-05-23 11:12:35 +0000
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.040137 #1060] INFO -- : Processing by LabelsController#show as HTML
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.040544 #1060] INFO -- : Parameters: {"id"=>"10"}
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.049755 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mCart Load (0.8ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "carts".* FROM "carts" WHERE "carts"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", nil]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.052776 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.2ms)^[[0m BEGIN
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.060048 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mSQL (0.9ms)^[[0m ^[[1mINSERT INTO "carts" ("created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (, ) RETURNING "id"^[[0m [["created_at", "2017-05-23 11:12:35.053857"], ["updated_at", "2017-05-23 11:12:35.053857"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.061486 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.6ms)^[[0m COMMIT
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.065373 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mLabel Load (0.4ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "labels".* FROM "labels" WHERE "labels"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", 10]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.067624 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 404 Not Found in 27ms (ActiveRecord: 3.0ms)
F, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.069957 #1060] FATAL -- :
ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound (Couldn't find Label with 'id'=10):
app/controllers/labels_controller.rb:21:in `set_label'
rm /usr/local/var/postgres/postmaster.pid
重启 Postgresql
sudo service postgresql restart
按照此处提供的答案，我终于设法解决了我的问题：https://askubuntu.com/questions/810008/after-upgrade-14-04-to-16-04-1-postgresql-server-does-not-start
然后进行此处提供的修改：https://gist.github.com/GabLeRoux/0c60f9be0c28b6b41f64cb55474b0ccb
5 月应用程序已启动，再次 运行...
在将 Rails 应用程序重新部署到 Ubuntu 16.04.1 x64 VPS 之后，服务器无法启动。从昨天开始，我一直在尝试解决原因，但没有任何运气。现在我完全无助，别无选择。
部署停止于：
deploy:migrating
01 $HOME/.rbenv/bin/rbenv exec bundle exec rake db:migrate
01 rake aborted!
01 PG::ConnectionBad: could not connect to server: Connection refused
01 Is the server running on host "127.0.0.1" and accepting
01 TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
由于此错误消息，我已根据本文 http://www.railszilla.com/postgresql-tcpip-connections-port-5432/coffee-break
将pg_hba.conf 和 postgresql.conf 中的设置更改为以下示例
`pg_hba.conf`
# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local all postgres peer
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all md5
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres peer
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 md5
#host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
以及 postgresql.conf 设置（见下文）。
# - Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql' # comma-separated list of
directories
# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security and Authentication -
在 sudo service postgresql restart 重新启动后，我再次部署后仍然出现相同的错误。
更新，database.yml 来自服务器
这是来自服务器的 database.yml。
production:
adapter: postgresql
host: 127.0.0.1
database: databasename
username: username
password: password
encoding: unicode
pool: 5
在/var/log/nginx/error.log最后一行是这样的[ 2017-09-27 13:09:13.4321 1530/7fa87d58e700 age/Cor/Con/CheckoutSession.cpp:285 ]: [Client 1-149] Cannot checkout session because a spawning error occurred. The identifier of the error is c620ca8b. Please see earlier logs for details about the error.
正如它所说，我查看了之前的日志。以下是整个日志。它指的是 order_notifier.rb 应该有一个错误的语法。
这是错误的完整日志 c620ca8b :
[ 2017-09-27 13:02:37.1572 1530/7fa87d58e700 age/Cor/Con/CheckoutSession.cpp:285 ]: [Client 1-148] Cannot checkout session because a spawning error occurred. The identifier of the error is 446bb8e9. Please see earlier logs for details about the error.
App 20925 stdout:
App 20925 stdout:
[ 2017-09-27 13:09:13.4236 1530/7fa88401a700 age/Cor/App/Implementation.cpp:304 ]: Could not spawn process for application /home/deploy/hlinreykdal/current: An error occurred while starting up the preloader.
Error ID: c620ca8b
Error details saved to: /tmp/passenger-error-Mirupe.html
Message from application: /home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL, expecting '='
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected ',', expecting keyword_end
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store',
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:12: syntax error, unexpected ')', expecting keyword_end
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected tLABEL, expecting '='
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
^
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/releases/20170926133751/app/mailers/order_notifier.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected ')', expecting keyword_end (SyntaxError)
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:244:in `rescue in load_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:237:in `load_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:360:in `require_or_load'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:317:in `depend_on'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:233:in `require_dependency'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:472:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:471:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:471:in `block in eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:469:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:469:in `eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/engine.rb:346:in `eager_load!'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `each'
/home/deploy/hlinreykdal/shared/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.5/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
这是 order_notifier.rb 我看不出它有什么问题，也许这里有人可以。
class OrderNotifier < ApplicationMailer
default from: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store <hlin@hlinreykdal.com>'
def received(order)
@order = order
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Hlin Reykdal Concept Store')
end
def shipped(order)
@order = order
mail (to: order.email, subject: 'Order Shipped')
end
end
我已经通过 sudo service nginx restart 重新启动了 nginx 并通过 bundle exec passenger-config restart-app 重新启动了应用程序但是运气不好，如果我再次部署仍然会遇到同样的错误。
我在整个网络上进行了谷歌搜索，并查看了堆栈中的数百篇帖子。似乎没有任何效果。现在我对此感到非常绝望。我之前在部署后遇到过类似的问题，但我总是设法解决它，但这似乎超出了我的范围。
更新
似乎 production log 卡在 23/5 2017 中，即使在我重新启动和部署之后也是如此。好像卡在邮件程序的错误中了？？
I, [2017-05-23T11:01:44.741054 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 500 Internal
Server Error in 66ms (ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)
F, [2017-05-23T11:01:44.743481 #1060] FATAL -- :
SocketError (getaddrinfo: Name or service not known):
app/admin/order.rb:6:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.863192 #1060] INFO -- : Started GET "/products/41" for 164.132.161.46 at 2017-05-23 11:10:08 +0000
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.876373 #1060] INFO -- : Processing by ProductsController#show as */*
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.876536 #1060] INFO -- : Parameters: {"id"=>"41"}
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.881123 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mCart Load (0.7ms)^[[0m SELECT "carts".* FROM "carts" WHERE "carts"."id" = LIMIT 1 [["id", nil]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.882685 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36m (0.2ms)^[[0m ^[[1mBEGIN^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.887770 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mSQL (1.3ms)^[[0m INSERT INTO "carts" ("created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (, ) RETURNING "id" [["created_at", "2017-05-23 11:10:08.883411"], ["updated_at", "2017-05-23 11:10:08.883411"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.890018 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36m (0.7ms)^[[0m ^[[1mCOMMIT^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.893274 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mProduct Load (1.2ms)^[[0m SELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."slug" = ORDER BY "products"."id" ASC LIMIT 1 [["slug", "41"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.894865 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mProduct Load (0.4ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", 41]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.900733 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mLabel Load (1.2ms)^[[0m SELECT "labels".* FROM "labels" WHERE "labels"."id" = LIMIT 1 [["id", 8]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.907954 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mProduct Load (0.6ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "products".* FROM "products" WHERE "products"."category_id" = ORDER BY RANDOM() LIMIT 6^[[0m [["category_id", 12]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.916955 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered products/show.html.erb within layouts/application (18.7ms)
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.920965 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35mCategory Load (0.8ms)^[[0m SELECT "categories".* FROM "categories"
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.924524 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mLabel Load (0.3ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "labels".* FROM "labels"^[[0m
D, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.929926 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.3ms)^[[0m SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "product_items" WHERE "product_items"."cart_id" = [["cart_id", 46319]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.930159 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_navbar.html.erb (10.7ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.931046 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_message.html.erb (0.2ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.932261 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered emaillist/_email.html.erb (0.6ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.932381 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_notifications.html.erb (0.9ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.936424 #1060] INFO -- : Rendered application/_footer.html.erb (3.5ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:10:08.936826 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 200 OK in 60ms (Views: 36.7ms | ActiveRecord: 7.6ms)
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.005157 #1060] INFO -- : Started GET "/labels/10" for 66.249.65.74 at 2017-05-23 11:12:35 +0000
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.040137 #1060] INFO -- : Processing by LabelsController#show as HTML
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.040544 #1060] INFO -- : Parameters: {"id"=>"10"}
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.049755 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mCart Load (0.8ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "carts".* FROM "carts" WHERE "carts"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", nil]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.052776 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.2ms)^[[0m BEGIN
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.060048 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mSQL (0.9ms)^[[0m ^[[1mINSERT INTO "carts" ("created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (, ) RETURNING "id"^[[0m [["created_at", "2017-05-23 11:12:35.053857"], ["updated_at", "2017-05-23 11:12:35.053857"]]
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.061486 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[35m (0.6ms)^[[0m COMMIT
D, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.065373 #1060] DEBUG -- : ^[[1m^[[36mLabel Load (0.4ms)^[[0m ^[[1mSELECT "labels".* FROM "labels" WHERE "labels"."id" = LIMIT 1^[[0m [["id", 10]]
I, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.067624 #1060] INFO -- : Completed 404 Not Found in 27ms (ActiveRecord: 3.0ms)
F, [2017-05-23T11:12:35.069957 #1060] FATAL -- :
ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound (Couldn't find Label with 'id'=10):
app/controllers/labels_controller.rb:21:in `set_label'
rm /usr/local/var/postgres/postmaster.pid
重启 Postgresql
sudo service postgresql restart
按照此处提供的答案，我终于设法解决了我的问题：https://askubuntu.com/questions/810008/after-upgrade-14-04-to-16-04-1-postgresql-server-does-not-start
然后进行此处提供的修改：https://gist.github.com/GabLeRoux/0c60f9be0c28b6b41f64cb55474b0ccb
5 月应用程序已启动，再次 运行...