.net 核心注入和解析服务

Question

我正在尝试 .net 核心 Web api。我创建了一个静态方法来像这样注册我的控制器：

public static class RegistrationExtensions
{
    public static void RegisterApplicationServices(this IServiceCollection services, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        services.RegisterSingletons();
        services.RegisterRequests();
        services.RegisterTransient(serviceProvider);
    }

    public static void RegisterSingletons(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddSingleton<Configuration>();
    }

    public static void RegisterRequests(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddScoped<ISettingsService, SettingsService>();
    }

    public static void RegisterTransient(this IServiceCollection services, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        var config = serviceProvider.GetService<Configuration>();
        services.AddDbContext<InteractiveChoicesContext>(m => m.UseSqlServer(config.ConnectionString));
    }
}

如您所见，我想解析我的 Configuration class，其中包含我传入的 ConnectionString DbContext。请解决 Configuration 我试图使用 IServiceProvider 注入到 RegisterApplicationServices 方法中。

为了调用此方法，我将 Startup class 的 ConfigureServices 更改为：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
    services.AddMvc();
    services.RegisterApplicationServices(serviceProvider);
}

但是当我运行我的应用程序时，我得到一个错误：

The ConfigureServices method must either be parameterless or take only one parameter of type IServiceCollection.

错误很明显。我的问题是：如何在我的 RegisterTransient 方法中解决 Configuration class？

Answer 1

如果您必须使用您自己的配置 class 而不是使用 IConfiguration，您可以这样做来解决您目前配置的 IServiceCollection，在您的情况下已经有注册您的 Configuration 单身人士：

public static void RegisterTransient(this IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Use services registered so far
    var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();

    var config = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<Configuration>();
    services.AddDbContext<InteractiveChoicesContext>(m => m.UseSqlServer(config.ConnectionString));
}

其中 BuildServiceProvider() 是程序集 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection、命名空间 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection 中的扩展方法。

Answer 2

实际上有一个 AddDbContext 的重载，它需要一个 Action<IServiceProvider, DbContextOptionsBuilder>，这应该正是您要查找的内容。

例如：

services.AddDbContext<InteractiveChoicesContext>((provider, options) =>
{
    var config = provider.GetService<Configuration>();
    options.UseSqlServer(config.ConnectionString);
});

我已经用 v2、v3 和 v5 对此进行了测试。 EF Core 2.0.0 中指定的此重载的文档被逐字包含以供后代和相关性使用

//
// Summary:
//     Registers the given context as a service in the 
//     Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.IServiceCollection.
//     You use this method when using dependency injection in your application, such
//     as with ASP.NET. For more information on setting up dependency injection, see
//     http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=526890.
//     This overload has an optionsAction that provides the applications 
//     System.IServiceProvider.
//     This is useful if you want to setup Entity Framework to resolve its internal
//     services from the primary application service provider. By default, we recommend
//     using the other overload, which allows Entity Framework to create and maintain
//     its own System.IServiceProvider for internal Entity Framework services.
//
// Parameters:
//   serviceCollection:
//     The Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.IServiceCollection to add services
//     to.
//
//   optionsAction:
//     An optional action to configure the Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions
//     for the context. This provides an alternative to performing configuration of
//     the context by overriding the Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext
//     .OnConfiguring(Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptionsBuilder)
//     
//     method in your derived context.
//     If an action is supplied here, the 
//     Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext
//     .OnConfiguring(Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptionsBuilder)
//     method will still be run if it has been overridden on the 
//     derived context. Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext
//     .OnConfiguring(Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptionsBuilder)
//     configuration will be applied in addition to configuration performed here.
//     In order for the options to be passed into your context, you need 
//     to expose a constructor on your context that takes 
//     Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions`1
//     and passes it to the base constructor of 
//     Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext.
//
//   contextLifetime:
//     The lifetime with which to register the DbContext 
//   service in the container.
//
//   optionsLifetime:
//     The lifetime with which to register the DbContextOptions
//     service in the container.
//
// Type parameters:
//   TContext:
//     The type of context to be registered.
//
// Returns:
//     The same service collection so that multiple calls can be chained.
public static IServiceCollection AddDbContext<TContext>(
    [NotNullAttribute] this IServiceCollection serviceCollection, 
    [CanBeNullAttribute] Action<IServiceProvider, DbContextOptionsBuilder> optionsAction, 
    ServiceLifetime contextLifetime = ServiceLifetime.Scoped, 
    ServiceLifetime optionsLifetime = ServiceLifetime.Scoped
) where TContext : DbContext;

.net 核心注入和解析服务

.net core injecting and resolving services

c#

entity-framework-core

asp.net-core-mvc

asp.net-core

asp.net-core-webapi