GIS/Gdal/OSGeos Windows 上的 django 导入错误

Question

我几个小时以来一直在尝试这个问题，但我无法解决它。我正在使用 this link 在 Windows 上设置 GeoDjango。我收到以下错误消息，但不知道该怎么做。所有环境变量都在 Windows 中设置，我可以使用

导入

from osgeo import gdal

作为

在 python 终端中成功

import gdal

已弃用。在 Postgresql 数据库中，我可以根据需要提供所有扩展，如 address_standardizer、fuzzystrmatch、ogr_fdw, pgrouting, plpgsql, pointcloud, pointcloud_postgis, postgis, postgis_sfcgal, postgis_tiger_geocoder和 postgis_topology.

Django 项目设置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',
        'NAME': 'postgis_24_sample',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'Hello123',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = os.getenv('GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH')
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = os.getenv('GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH')

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django.contrib.postgis',
    ...
]

错误：

(easy_geodj) C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\easy_geodj\djlocate>python manage.py runserver
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x066D6330>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 250, in raise_last_exception
    six.reraise(*_exception)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 330, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\base.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\base\features.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import *  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\aggregates.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import ExtentField
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\fields.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .collections import (  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\collections.py", line 11, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, LinearGeometryMixin
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\geometry.py", line 11, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import gdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\driver.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\prototypes\ds.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\libgdal.py", line 48, in <module>
    lgdal = CDLL(lib_path)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 366, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
WindowsError: [Error 126] The specified module could not be found

Answer 1

我会忽略所有自己手动处理安装的尝试，并使用 anaconda 环境。 GIS 依赖项的安装是出了名的善变，而 anaconda 已经平滑了大量的粗糙边缘。

Answer 2

GIS 依赖项真的很难正确处理，尤其是 Windows。如果您想坚持使用 OS，我建议您继续使用 OsGeo4W。

对我有用的步骤如下：

确保卸载已安装的 GIS 软件包的每个分发版，并仔细遵循 OSGeo4W installation instructions。 Apache和MapServer默认是勾选安装的，不需要的可以取消勾选。

您可以将 settings.py 更改为如下所示：

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\OSGeo4W64\bin\geos_c.dll'
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\OSGeo4W64\bin\gdal201.dll'

注意 1：路径将取决于您安装 OSGeo4W 的位置，但（我记得）这些是默认设置。

注意 2：如果您下载并安装 32 位版本，您的路径应该如下所示：

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\OSGeo4W\bin\geos_c.dll'
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\OSGeo4W\bin\gdal201.dll'

我曾使用类似的堆栈处理过一个项目，感觉在 Linux（尤其是 Ubuntu 上进行设置要容易得多。如果它只是一个学习型个人项目，或者如果它最终会托管在 Linux 机器上，我建议使用 Linux 开发环境。

例如，在 Ubuntu 上，您可以这样做：

$ sudo apt-get install binutils libproj-dev gdal-bin

GeoDjango official docs 也有一些很好的信息。

Answer 3

首先输入python ins cmd 并检查安装的是哪个版本。结果显示为

... [MSC v.1600 32 bit ..] ... 好吧，你可以发现 python 是用 MSC 编译器 32 位版本 1600 编译的使用此 link 下载 gdal 基于编译器

http://www.gisinternals.com/release.php

比如你必须根据以上python输出下载这个版本

MSVC 2010 win32 release-1600-gdal-2-2-3-mapserver-7-0-7

同时下载 GDAL-2.2.3.win32-py3.4.msi 和 gdal-202-1600-core.msi 并安装它们。

将这两个变量添加到windows环境

- `GDAL_DATA` = `C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\gdal-data` - `path` = add this at the start `C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\`

最后将这些添加到 setting.py

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\geos_c.dll' GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\gdal202.dll'

GIS/Gdal/OSGeos Windows 上的 django 导入错误

GIS/Gdal/OSGeos Import error in django on Windows

python

django

postgis

geospatial

geodjango