使用 REST Framework 在 Django 中从 POST 获取 JSON 数据

Question

我正在尝试在 Django 中构建一个 REST API 用于带有 Gspread 的 Google 电子表格，我运行遇到了很多问题（所以如果有人碰巧有一个完整的例子，随时分享......好吗？:)）。其中一个问题是我正在尝试接收 JSON 的 POST 请求（当然，后来还有其他请求）。然而，这是失败的。这是我的代码：

view.py（我知道 IF 语句不是它的工作方式

elif request.method == 'POST':
    received_json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    content = received_json_data['content']
    if content != "":
        worksheet.insert_row([content["date"], content["days"], content["firstname"], content["lastname"], content["team"], content["training"], content["company"], content["city"], content["cost"], content["invoice"], content["info"]], 1)
        return JsonResponse(content, safe=False, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
    else:
        return JsonResponse([], safe=False, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

为此编写的测试：

def test_post_all_training_returns_201_when_correct_format(self):
    """
    A POST request on /trainings/ should create a new training
    """
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
    response = self.client.post('/trainings/', json=json.dumps(self.training_json_body), headers=headers, format="json")
    self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

training_json_body的内容：

self.training_json_body = {
    "date": "1/1/2018",
    "days": 1,
    "firstname": "Data",
    "lastname": "Data",
    "team": "Data",
    "training": "Data",
    "company": "Data",
    "city": "Data",
    "cost": 1,
    "invoice": "Data",
    "info": "Data"
}

回溯

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python\backend\unleashedapp\trainings\tests.py", line 64, in test_post_all_training_returns_201_when_correct_format
    response = self.client.post('/trainings/', json=json.dumps(self.training_json_body), headers=headers, format="json")
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 525, in post
    response = super().post(path, data=data, content_type=content_type, secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 341, in post
    secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 404, in generic
    return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 485, in request
    raise exc_value
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 35, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 128, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view
    return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python\backend\unleashedapp\trainings\views.py", line 36, in training_list
    received_json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\__init__.py", line 354, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 339, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 357, in raw_decode
    raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

我已经搜索了几天的解决方案，但无法正常工作，所以如果有人能将我推向正确的方向，我将非常感激。

我已将我的代码更新为以下内容：

class TrainingList(APIView):
    def post(self, request, format=None):
        sheet = request.GET.get('sheet', 'Data')
        worksheet = spreadsheet.worksheet(sheet)
        worksheet.append_row([request.data.get("date"), request.data.get("days"), request.data.get("firstname"), request.data.get("lastname"), request.data.get("team"), request.data.get("training"), request.data.get("company"), request.data.get("city"), request.data.get("cost"), request.data.get("invoice"), request.data.get("info")])
        return JsonResponse("[]", safe=False, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

这不再引发任何错误，但 append_row() 函数现在为每个字段添加 "None"，因此很明显数据仍未通过。我该如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

如果您使用的是 Django REST 框架，那么您可以通过访问 request.data 字典 (more info here) 轻松地从请求对象中获取数据。

如果您使用的是原始 Django 视图，则可以通过使用请求对象并访问 request.POST['<field_name>'] 或 request.POST.get('<field_name>').

来访问 POST 数据

例如：

request.POST.get("date")

您可以阅读更多相关信息或查看示例 here。

Answer 2

试试这个：

request.data.get("sheet")

Answer 3

要获取 Json 格式的参数，您需要将请求的子方法从 "GET" 更改为 "DATA"，如下所示：

sheet = request.data.get("sheet")

使用 REST Framework 在 Django 中从 POST 获取 JSON 数据

Get JSON data from POST in Django with REST Framework

python

django

rest

django-rest-framework

gspread