检查 bash 中是否存在远程文件

Check if a remote file exists in bash

我正在使用此脚本下载文件:

parallel --progress -j16 -a ./temp/img-url.txt 'wget -nc -q -P ./images/ {}; wget -nc -q -P ./images/ {.}_{001..005}.jpg'

是否可以不下载文件,只是在远程端检查它们,如果存在则创建一个虚拟文件而不是下载?

类似于:

if wget --spider $url 2>/dev/null; then
  #touch img.file
fi

应该可以,但我不知道如何将这段代码与 GNU Parallel 相结合。

编辑:

根据Ole的回答我写了这段代码:

#!/bin/bash
do_url() {
  url=""
  wget -q -nc  --method HEAD "$url" && touch ./images/${url##*/}   
  #get filename from $url
  url2=${url##*/}
  wget -q -nc  --method HEAD ${url%.jpg}_{001..005}.jpg && touch ./images/${url2%.jpg}_{001..005}.jpg
}
export -f do_url

parallel --progress -a urls.txt do_url {}

有效,但对某些文件无效。我找不到一致性为什么它适用于某些文件,为什么它对其他文件失败。也许它有一些带有最后一个文件名的东西。第二个 wget 尝试访问当前 url,但之后的 touch 命令根本不会创建所需的文件。首先 wget 总是(正确地)下载没有 _001.jpg、_002.jpg.

的主图像

示例urls.txt:

http://host.com/092401.jpg(工作正常,_001.jpg.._005.jpg 已下载) http://host.com/HT11019.jpg(不行,只下载主图)

您可以通过 ssh 发送命令以查看远程文件是否存在,如果存在则对其进行 cat:

ssh your_host 'test -e "somefile" && cat "somefile"' > somefile

也可以尝试支持 glob 表达式和递归的 scp。

只是遍历名称?

for uname in ${url%.jpg}_{001..005}.jpg
do
  if wget --spider $uname 2>/dev/null; then
    touch ./images/${uname##*/}
  fi
done

您可以使用 curl 来检查您正在解析的 URL 是否存在,而无需下载任何文件:

if curl --head --fail --silent "$url" >/dev/null; then
    touch .images/"${url##*/}"
fi

解释:

  • --fail 将在请求失败时使退出状态非零。
  • --head 将避免下载文件内容
  • --silent 将避免检查本身发出状态或错误。

要解决"looping"问题,您可以这样做:

urls=( "${url%.jpg}"_{001..005}.jpg )
for url in "${urls[@]}"; do
    if curl --head --silent --fail "$url" > /dev/null; then
        touch .images/${url##*/}
    fi
done

据我所知,您的问题并不是关于如何使用 wget 来测试文件是否存在,而是关于如何在 shell 中执行正确的循环脚本。

这里有一个简单的解决方案:

urls=( "${url%.jpg}"_{001..005}.jpg )
for url in "${urls[@]}"; do
    if wget -q --method=HEAD "$url"; then
        touch .images/${url##*/}
    fi
done

它的作用是使用 --method=HEAD 选项调用 Wget。对于 HEAD 请求,服务器将简单地报告文件是否存在,而不 returning 任何数据。

当然,对于大型数据集,这是非常低效的。您正在为您尝试的每个文件创建一个到服务器的新连接。相反,正如另一个答案中所建议的,您可以使用 GNU Wget2。使用 wget2,您可以并行测试所有这些,并使用新的 --stats-server 选项查找所有文件的列表和服务器提供的特定 return 代码。例如:

$ wget2 --spider --progress=none -q --stats-site example.com/{,1,2,3}                                                             
Site Statistics:

  http://example.com:
    Status    No. of docs
       404              3
         http://example.com/3  0 bytes (identity) : 0 bytes (decompressed), 238ms (transfer) : 238ms (response)
         http://example.com/1  0 bytes (gzip) : 0 bytes (decompressed), 241ms (transfer) : 241ms (response)
         http://example.com/2  0 bytes (identity) : 0 bytes (decompressed), 238ms (transfer) : 238ms (response)
       200              1
         http://example.com/  0 bytes (identity) : 0 bytes (decompressed), 231ms (transfer) : 231ms (response)

您甚至可以将此数据打印为 CSV 或 JSON 以便于解析

很难理解您真正想要完成的是什么。让我尝试重新表述您的问题。

I have urls.txt containing:

http://example.com/dira/foo.jpg
http://example.com/dira/bar.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/foo.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/baz.jpg
http://example.org/dira/foo.jpg

On example.com these URLs exist:

http://example.com/dira/foo.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_001.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_003.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_005.jpg
http://example.com/dira/bar_000.jpg
http://example.com/dira/bar_002.jpg
http://example.com/dira/bar_004.jpg
http://example.com/dira/fubar.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/foo.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/baz.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/baz_001.jpg
http://example.com/dirb/baz_005.jpg

On example.org these URLs exist:

http://example.org/dira/foo_001.jpg

Given urls.txt I want to generate the combinations with _001.jpg .. _005.jpg in addition to the original URL. E.g.:

http://example.com/dira/foo.jpg

becomes:

http://example.com/dira/foo.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_001.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_002.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_003.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_004.jpg
http://example.com/dira/foo_005.jpg

Then I want to test if these URLs exist without downloading the file. As there are many URLs I want to do this in parallel.

If the URL exists I want an empty file created.

(Version 1): I want the empty file created in a the similar directory structure in the dir images. This is needed because some of the images have the same name, but in different dirs.

So the files created should be:

images/http:/example.com/dira/foo.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/foo_001.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/foo_003.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/foo_005.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/bar_000.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/bar_002.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dira/bar_004.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dirb/foo.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dirb/baz.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dirb/baz_001.jpg
images/http:/example.com/dirb/baz_005.jpg
images/http:/example.org/dira/foo_001.jpg

(Version 2): I want the empty file created in the dir images. This can be done because all the images have unique names.

So the files created should be:

images/foo.jpg
images/foo_001.jpg
images/foo_003.jpg
images/foo_005.jpg
images/bar_000.jpg
images/bar_002.jpg
images/bar_004.jpg
images/baz.jpg
images/baz_001.jpg
images/baz_005.jpg

(Version 3): I want the empty file created in the dir images called the name from urls.txt. This can be done because only one of _001.jpg .. _005.jpg exists.

images/foo.jpg
images/bar.jpg
images/baz.jpg
#!/bin/bash

do_url() {
  url=""

  # Version 1:
  # If you want to keep the folder structure from the server (similar to wget -m):
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url" && mkdir -p images/"" && touch images/"$url"

  # Version 2:
  # If all the images have unique names and you want all images in a single dir
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url" && touch images/""

  # Version 3:
  # If all the images have unique names when _###.jpg is removed and you want all images in a single dir
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url" && touch images/""

}
export -f do_url

parallel do_url {1.}{2} {1//} {1/.}{2} {1/} :::: urls.txt ::: .jpg _{001..005}.jpg

GNU Parallel 每个作业需要几毫秒。当你的工作这么短时,开销会影响时间。如果 none 个 CPU 核心 运行 处于 100%,您可以 运行 并行处理更多作业:

parallel -j0 do_url {1.}{2} {1//} {1/.}{2} {1/} :::: urls.txt ::: .jpg _{001..005}.jpg

您也可以“展开”循环。这将为每个 URL:

节省 5 个开销
do_url() {
  url=""
  # Version 2:
  # If all the images have unique names and you want all images in a single dir
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url".jpg && touch images/"$url".jpg
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url"_001.jpg && touch images/"$url"_001.jpg
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url"_002.jpg && touch images/"$url"_002.jpg
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url"_003.jpg && touch images/"$url"_003.jpg
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url"_004.jpg && touch images/"$url"_004.jpg
  wget -q --method HEAD "$url"_005.jpg && touch images/"$url"_005.jpg
}
export -f do_url

parallel -j0 do_url {.} :::: urls.txt

您终于可以 运行 超过 250 个职位:https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/man.html#EXAMPLE:-Running-more-than-250-jobs-workaround