如何使用 CSS 网格强制页眉和页脚在页面上保持可见？

Question

我想呈现一个页面，该页面具有固定的页眉和页脚以及可滚动（如果需要）的中间部分（由侧边栏和主要内容区域组成）- 使用 CSS 网格。

在下面的示例中（也作为codepen），"page"是正方形（#container），主要区域中的段落是我想要的内容喜欢滚动，页脚固定：

#container {
  display: grid;
  height: 400px;
  width: 400px;
  border: solid black;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "header header"
    "sidebar main" 
    "footer footer";
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}

#header {
  grid-area: header;
  background: gray;
}

#sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}

#main {
  grid-area: main;
}

#footer {
  grid-area: footer;
  background: gray;
}

<div id="container">
  <div id="header">the header</div>
  <div id="sidebar">the sidebar</div>
  <div id="main">
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
    <p>the main part<p>
  </div>
  <div id="footer">the footer</div>
</div>

我对网格系统的理解是

grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;

表示"the first and third row will have the height enforced by their content, and the second row will take all the remaining space within the height of the page".

这是在主区内容没有溢出时实际发生的情况（页脚卡在底部，符合预期），但是一旦溢出，滚动条就是整个页面，而不仅仅是第二行。

有没有办法优雅地^(*) 用 CSS 网格管理它？

^(*) by elegantly 我的意思是用一种正确的方式，而不像我在一些网站上看到的那样劫持滚动条一场噩梦，带有 zillon 滚动条，每个滚动条都以一种难以预测和用户友好的方式滚动。

Answer 1

你只需要告诉元素溢出时做什么：

在这种情况下，将 overflow:auto 添加到 #main

#container {
  display: grid;
  height: 250px;
  width: 400px;
  border: solid black;
  grid-template-areas: "header header" "sidebar main" "footer footer";
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}

#header {
  grid-area: header;
  background: gray;
}

#sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}

#main {
  grid-area: main;
  overflow: auto;
}

#footer {
  grid-area: footer;
  background: gray;
}

<div id="container">
  <div id="header">the header</div>
  <div id="sidebar">the sidebar</div>
  <div id="main">
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
    <p>the main part</p>
  </div>
  <div id="footer">the footer</div>
</div>

Answer 2

@Paulie_D的回答对我来说基本上是正确的。但是，如果它本身的内容太多了。

在我看来有两种可能：

主要内容和侧边栏彼此分开滚动（例如，对 SaaS 产品、管理区域、内部区域等有用，但对 "normal" 网站无效） .
主要内容和边栏一起滚动。

1.主要内容和侧边栏滚动分开：

对于第一种方案，其实可以退回到@Paulie_D的方法。

In this case add overflow:auto to #main

我只想给侧边栏一些额外的值。首先是 overflow: hidden;，然后在 :hover 状态下是 overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: scroll;，这样滚动条在那里并不总是可见。

就个人而言，我不会给内容一个 overflow: auto;，而是给一个 overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: scroll;，这样滚动条总是在那里可见，并且当滚动条出现时，内容本身并不总是有点宽没有必要。

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

body {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.site {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "siteHeader siteHeader"
    "siteSidebar siteMain" 
    "siteFooter siteFooter";
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

header {
  grid-area: siteHeader;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background: gainsboro;
}

main {
  grid-area: siteMain;
  padding: 20px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

aside {
  grid-area: siteSidebar;
  padding: 20px;
  border-right: 2px solid gray;
  overflow: hidden;
}

aside:hover {
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

footer {
  grid-area: siteFooter;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background: silver;
}

<html>

  <body>

    <div class="site">

      <header>

        {headerContent}

      </header>

      <main>

        <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus.</p>

        <p>Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante.</p>

        <p>Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc, quis gravida magna mi a libero. Fusce vulputate eleifend sapien. Vestibulum purus quam, scelerisque ut, mollis sed, nonummy id, metus. Nullam accumsan lorem in dui. Cras ultricies mi eu turpis hendrerit fringilla. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In ac dui quis mi consectetuer lacinia. Nam pretium turpis et arcu.</p>

        <p>Duis arcu tortor, suscipit eget, imperdiet nec, imperdiet iaculis, ipsum. Sed aliquam ultrices mauris. Integer ante arcu, accumsan a, consectetuer eget, posuere ut, mauris. Praesent adipiscing. Phasellus ullamcorper ipsum rutrum nunc. Nunc nonummy metus. Vestibulum volutpat pretium libero. Cras id dui. Aenean ut eros et nisl sagittis vestibulum. Nullam nulla eros, ultricies sit amet, nonummy id, imperdiet feugiat, pede. Sed lectus. Donec mollis hendrerit risus. Phasellus nec sem in justo pellentesque facilisis. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Nunc nec neque.</p>

        <p>Phasellus leo dolor, tempus non, auctor et, hendrerit quis, nisi. Curabitur ligula sapien, tincidunt non, euismod vitae, posuere imperdiet, leo. Maecenas malesuada. Praesent congue erat at massa. Sed cursus turpis vitae tortor. Donec posuere vulputate arcu. Phasellus accumsan cursus velit. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Phasellus consectetuer vestibulum elit. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum fringilla pede sit amet augue. In turpis. Pellentesque posuere. Praesent turpis. Aenean posuere, tortor sed cursus feugiat, nunc augue blandit nunc, eu sollicitudin urna dolor sagittis lacus. Donec elit libero, sodales nec, volutpat a, suscipit non, turpis. Nullam sagittis. Suspendisse pulvinar, augue ac venenatis condimentum, sem libero volutpat nibh, nec pellentesque velit pede quis nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Fusce id purus. Ut varius tincidunt libero. Phasellus dolor. Maecenas vestibulum mollis</p>

      </main>

      <aside>

        {asideContent}

      </aside>

      <footer>

        {footerContent}

      </footer>

    </div>

  </body>

</html>

2。主要内容和边栏一起滚动：

对于第二种解决方案，您需要稍微调整一下网格并在内容和侧边栏周围添加另一个 div。 div 然后获取属性 overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: scroll;，然后可以获取自己的网格以正确对齐内容和侧边栏。

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

body {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.site {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "siteHeader siteHeader"
    "siteContent siteContent" 
    "siteFooter siteFooter";
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

header {
  grid-area: siteHeader;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background: gainsboro;
}

.content {
  grid-area: siteContent;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "contentSidebar contentMain";
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

main {
  grid-area: contentMain;
  padding: 20px;
}

aside {
  grid-area: contentSidebar;
  padding: 20px;
  border-right: 2px solid gray;
}

footer {
  grid-area: siteFooter;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background: silver;
}

<html>

  <body>

    <div class="site">

      <header>

        {headerContent}

      </header>

      <div class="content">

        <main>

          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus.</p>

          <p>Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante.</p>

          <p>Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc, quis gravida magna mi a libero. Fusce vulputate eleifend sapien. Vestibulum purus quam, scelerisque ut, mollis sed, nonummy id, metus. Nullam accumsan lorem in dui. Cras ultricies mi eu turpis hendrerit fringilla. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In ac dui quis mi consectetuer lacinia. Nam pretium turpis et arcu.</p>

          <p>Duis arcu tortor, suscipit eget, imperdiet nec, imperdiet iaculis, ipsum. Sed aliquam ultrices mauris. Integer ante arcu, accumsan a, consectetuer eget, posuere ut, mauris. Praesent adipiscing. Phasellus ullamcorper ipsum rutrum nunc. Nunc nonummy metus. Vestibulum volutpat pretium libero. Cras id dui. Aenean ut eros et nisl sagittis vestibulum. Nullam nulla eros, ultricies sit amet, nonummy id, imperdiet feugiat, pede. Sed lectus. Donec mollis hendrerit risus. Phasellus nec sem in justo pellentesque facilisis. Etiam imperdiet imperdiet orci. Nunc nec neque.</p>

          <p>Phasellus leo dolor, tempus non, auctor et, hendrerit quis, nisi. Curabitur ligula sapien, tincidunt non, euismod vitae, posuere imperdiet, leo. Maecenas malesuada. Praesent congue erat at massa. Sed cursus turpis vitae tortor. Donec posuere vulputate arcu. Phasellus accumsan cursus velit. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Sed aliquam, nisi quis porttitor congue, elit erat euismod orci, ac placerat dolor lectus quis orci. Phasellus consectetuer vestibulum elit. Aenean tellus metus, bibendum sed, posuere ac, mattis non, nunc. Vestibulum fringilla pede sit amet augue. In turpis. Pellentesque posuere. Praesent turpis. Aenean posuere, tortor sed cursus feugiat, nunc augue blandit nunc, eu sollicitudin urna dolor sagittis lacus. Donec elit libero, sodales nec, volutpat a, suscipit non, turpis. Nullam sagittis. Suspendisse pulvinar, augue ac venenatis condimentum, sem libero volutpat nibh, nec pellentesque velit pede quis nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Fusce id purus. Ut varius tincidunt libero. Phasellus dolor. Maecenas vestibulum mollis</p>

        </main>

        <aside>

          {asideContent}

        </aside>

      </div>

      <footer>

        {footerContent}

      </footer>

    </div>

  </body>

</html>

希望对您有所帮助:)

如何使用 CSS 网格强制页眉和页脚在页面上保持可见？

How to force a header and footer to stay visible on the page using CSS grid?

css

scrollbar

css-grid