如何测试每个特定的数字或字符

Question

我想接收用户输入的 5 位数字，然后为每个特定数字打印一些内容。

例如，如果用户输入 12345，我想先为 1 打印一个特定的输出，然后为 2 打印另一个输出，等等。

我该怎么做？如果可能的话，我更愿意创建一个函数。

#!/usr/bin/python3

zipcode = int(raw_input("Enter a zipcode: "))

if zipcode == 1:
       print ":::||"
elif zipcode == 2:
       print "::|:|"
elif zipcode == 3:
       print "::||:"
elif zipcode == 4:
       print ":|::|"
elif zipcode == 5:
       print ":|:|:"
elif zipcode == 6:
       print ":||::"
elif zipcode == 7:
       print "|:::|"
elif zipcode == 8:
       print "|::|:"
elif zipcode == 9:
       print "|:|::"
elif zipcode == 0:
       print "||:::"

Answer 1

迭代然后对字符串中的每一项执行函数：

def something(zipcode):
    if zipcode == 1:
       print ":::||"
    elif zipcode == 2:
           print "::|:|"
    elif zipcode == 3:
           print "::||:"
    elif zipcode == 4:
           print ":|::|"
    elif zipcode == 5:
           print ":|:|:"
    elif zipcode == 6:
           print ":||::"
    elif zipcode == 7:
           print "|:::|"
    elif zipcode == 8:
           print "|::|:"
    elif zipcode == 9:
           print "|:|::"
    elif zipcode == 0:
           print "||:::"

for letter in raw_input():
    something(int(letter))

Answer 2

将邮政编码保留为字符串，创建从输入到输出的映射：

def print_zip(zipcode):

    mapping = {
        '1': ':::||',
        '2': '::|:|',
        ...etc...
    }

    for char in zipcode:
        try:
            print mapping[char]
        except KeyError:
            print 'Oops, {} not valid in a zipcode!'.format(char)


zipcode = raw_input('Enter a zipcode: ')
print_zip(zipcode)

Answer 3

您可以为此创建一个字典，然后使用 .get:

访问它的元素

def print_for_zipcode():
    zipcode = raw_input("Enter a zipcode: ")
    relationship = {"1": ":::||",
        "2": "::|:|",
        "3": "::||:",
        "4": ":|::|",
        "5": ":|:|:",
        "6": ":||::",
        "7": "|:::|",
        "8": "|::|:",
        "9": "|:|::",
        "0": "||:::"}
    for ch in zipcode:
        print relationship.get(ch, "Not Found")

实际的运行会像这样工作：

>>> print_for_zipcode()
Enter a zipcode: 123412
:::||
::|:|
::||:
:|::|
:::||
::|:|

Answer 4

一个不错的解决方法

将它们存储在 tuple 中（而不是字典，因为您的所有值都是按顺序排列的，在这种情况下 list 或 tuple 比通过键和值访问 )
```
list_bars = (":::||","::|:|",...)
```
这样你就不需要那么多if、elif东西
不要将其转换为 int，将其保留为 str 本身。使用它，您可以遍历字符串而不是转换后的数字。

终于在一个地方获得所有代码，

zipcode = raw_input("Enter a zipcode: ")
list_bars = (":::||","::|:|","::||:",":|::|",":|:|:",":||::","|:::|","|::|:","|:|::","||:::")
for i in zipcode:
    print(list_bars[int(i)-1])

现在进行一个小演示

Enter a zipcode: 123
:::||
::|:|
::||:

使用timeit模块测试list、tuple和dictionary作为数据结构的区别

bhargav@bhargav:~$ python -m timeit 'list_bars = [":::||","::|:|","::||:",":|::|",":|:|:",":||::","|:::|","|::|:","|:|::","||:::"]; [list_bars[int(i)-1] for i in "12345"]'
100000 loops, best of 3: 3.18 usec per loop
bhargav@bhargav:~$ python -m timeit 'list_bars={1:":::||",2:"::|:|",3:"::||:",4:":|::|",5:":|:|:",6:":||::",7:"|:::|",8:"|::|:",9:"|:|::",0:"||:::"}; [list_bars[int(i)] for i in "12345"]'
100000 loops, best of 3: 3.61 usec per loop
bhargav@bhargav:~$ python -m timeit 'list_bars = (":::||","::|:|","::||:",":|::|",":|:|:",":||::","|:::|","|::|:","|:|::","||:::"); [list_bars[int(i)-1] for i in "12345"]'
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.6 usec per loop

如您所见，tuple 与其他 相比是最快的 。

Answer 5

您可以使用 dictionary 然后遍历输入：

zipcode = raw_input("Enter a zipcode: ")

codes={1:":::||",2:"::|:|",3:"::||:",4:":|::|",5:":|:|:",6:":||::",7:"|:::|",8:"|::|:",9:"|:|::",0:"||:::"}

for num in zipcode:
    print codes[int(num)], #add a comma here if you want it on the same line

这会给你：

>>> 
Enter a zipcode: 54321
:|:|: :|::| ::||: ::|:| :::||

编辑：

没有空格：

zipcode = raw_input("Enter a zipcode: ")

codes={1:":::||",2:"::|:|",3:"::||:",4:":|::|",5:":|:|:",6:":||::",7:"|:::|",8:"|::|:",9:"|:|::",0:"||:::"}

L = [] #create a list

for num in zipcode:
    L.append(codes[int(num)]) #append the values to a list

print ''.join(L) #join them together and then print

现在这将打印：

>>> 
Enter a zipcode: 54321
:|:|::|::|::||:::|:|:::||

如何测试每个特定的数字或字符

How to test each specific digit or character

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if-statement

input

function