kivy 中的屏幕管理器不起作用
Screen Manager in kivy doesn't work
我是初学者，我正在尝试使用菜单屏幕执行此程序，其中播放按钮 运行 2048 游戏代码。问题是它不绑定 class 来玩游戏。它只出现 kivy 文件部分。显然这里必须实现菜单，只是两个按钮的测试
main.py
from __future__ import division
import random
from kivy.animation import Animation
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen, WipeTransition
from kivy.core.window import Window, Keyboard
from kivy.graphics import Color, BorderImage
from kivy.properties import ListProperty, NumericProperty, ObjectProperty, ReferenceListProperty
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.utils import get_color_from_hex
from kivy.vector import Vector
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.uix.popup import Popup
from kivy.uix.label import Label
spacing = 15
colors = (
'eee4da', 'ede0c8', 'f2b179', 'f59563',
'f67c5f', 'f65e3b', 'edcf72', 'edcc61',
'edc850', 'edc53f', 'edc22e')
tile_colors = {2 ** i: color for i, color in
enumerate(colors, start=1)}
key_vectors = {
Keyboard.keycodes['up']: (0, 1),
Keyboard.keycodes['right']: (1, 0),
Keyboard.keycodes['down']: (0, -1),
Keyboard.keycodes['left']: (-1, 0),
}
class Tile(Widget):
font_size = NumericProperty(24)
number = NumericProperty(2)
color = ListProperty(get_color_from_hex(tile_colors[2]))
number_color = ListProperty(get_color_from_hex('776e65'))
def __init__(self, number=2, **kwargs):
super(Tile, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.font_size = 0.5 * self.width
self.number = number
self.update_colors()
def update_colors(self):
self.color = get_color_from_hex(tile_colors[self.number])
if self.number > 4:
self.number_color = get_color_from_hex('f9f6f2')
def resize(self, pos, size):
self.pos = pos
self.size = size
self.font_size = 0.5 * self.width
def all_cells(flip_x=False, flip_y=False):
for x in (reversed(range(4)) if flip_x else range(4)):
for y in (reversed(range(4)) if flip_y else range(4)):
yield (x, y)
class Board(Widget):
b = None
moving = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Board, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.resize()
def reset(self):
self.b = [[None for i in range(4)] for j in range(4)]
self.new_tile()
self.new_tile()
def new_tile(self, *args):
empty_cells = [(x, y) for x, y in all_cells()
if self.b[x][y] is None]
if not empty_cells:
print('Game over (tentative: no cells)')
return
x, y = random.choice(empty_cells)
tile = Tile(pos=self.cell_pos(x, y),
size=self.cell_size)
self.b[x][y] = tile
self.add_widget(tile)
if len(empty_cells) == 1 and self.is_deadlocked():
print('Game over (board is deadlocked)')
self.moving = False
def is_deadlocked(self):
for x, y in all_cells():
if self.b[x][y] is None:
return False
number = self.b[x][y].number
if self.can_combine(x + 1, y, number) or \
self.can_combine(x, y + 1, number):
return False
return True
def move(self, dir_x, dir_y):
if self.moving:
return
dir_x = int(dir_x)
dir_y = int(dir_y)
for board_x, board_y in all_cells(dir_x > 0, dir_y > 0):
tile = self.b[board_x][board_y]
if not tile:
continue
x, y = board_x, board_y
while self.can_move(x + dir_x, y + dir_y):
self.b[x][y] = None
x += dir_x
y += dir_y
self.b[x][y] = tile
if self.can_combine(x + dir_x, y + dir_y, tile.number):
self.b[x][y] = None
x += dir_x
y += dir_y
self.remove_widget(self.b[x][y])
self.b[x][y] = tile
tile.number *= 2
if (tile.number == 2048):
print('You win the game')
tile.update_colors()
if x == board_x and y == board_y:
continue # nothing has happened
anim = Animation(pos=self.cell_pos(x, y),
duration=0.25, transition='linear')
if not self.moving:
anim.on_complete = self.new_tile
self.moving = True
anim.start(tile)
def valid_cell(self, board_x, board_y):
return (board_x >= 0 and board_y >= 0 and
board_x <= 3 and board_y <= 3)
def can_move(self, board_x, board_y):
return (self.valid_cell(board_x, board_y) and
self.b[board_x][board_y] is None)
def can_combine(self, board_x, board_y, number):
return (self.valid_cell(board_x, board_y) and
self.b[board_x][board_y] is not None and
self.b[board_x][board_y].number == number)
def cell_pos(self, board_x, board_y):
return (self.x + board_x * (self.cell_size[0] + spacing) + spacing,
self.y + board_y * (self.cell_size[1] + spacing) + spacing)
def resize(self, *args):
self.cell_size = (0.25 * (self.width - 5 * spacing), ) * 2
# redraw background
self.canvas.before.clear()
with self.canvas.before:
BorderImage(pos=self.pos, size=self.size, source='board.png')
Color(*get_color_from_hex('ccc0b4'))
for board_x, board_y in all_cells():
BorderImage(pos=self.cell_pos(board_x, board_y),
size=self.cell_size, source='cell.png')
# resize tiles
if not self.b:
return
for board_x, board_y in all_cells():
tile = self.b[board_x][board_y]
if tile:
tile.resize(pos=self.cell_pos(board_x, board_y),
size=self.cell_size)
on_pos = resize
on_size = resize
def on_key_down(self, window, key, *args):
if key in key_vectors:
self.move(*key_vectors[key])
def on_touch_up(self, touch):
v = Vector(touch.pos) - Vector(touch.opos)
if v.length() < 20:
return
if abs(v.x) > abs(v.y):
v.y = 0
else:
v.x = 0
self.move(*v.normalize())
class Manager(ScreenManager):
pass
class GameApp(App):
def build(self):
board = self.root.ids.board
board.reset()
Window.bind(on_key_down=board.on_key_down)
return Manager(transition=WipeTransition())
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window.clearcolor = get_color_from_hex('faf8ef')
GameApp().run()
game.kv
#:set padding 20
FloatLayout:
Board:
id: board
pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
size_hint: (None, None)
center: root.center
size: [min(root.width, root.height) - 2 * padding] * 2
<Tile>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: self.color
BorderImage:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
source: 'cell.png'
Label:
pos: root.pos
size: root.size
bold: True
color: root.number_color
font_size: root.font_size
text: str(root.number)
<Manager>:
id: screen_manager
Screen:
name: 'home'
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Button:
text: 'Play'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
on_press: root.current = 'game'
Button:
text: 'Options'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
Screen:
name: 'game'
Board:
id: game
问题是你创建了 2 个 Boards，你看到的那个是在 Screen 下的那个 board，它从来没有被重置或者 link用键盘编辑过，解决方法是只创建一，用构造函数中的键重置和link。
*.kv
#:set padding 20
<Tile>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: self.color
BorderImage:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
source: 'cell.png'
Label:
pos: root.pos
size: root.size
bold: True
color: root.number_color
font_size: root.font_size
text: str(root.number)
<Manager>:
id: screen_manager
Screen:
name: 'home'
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Button:
text: 'Play'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
on_press: root.current = 'game'
Button:
text: 'Options'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
Screen:
name: 'game'
Board:
id: garme
pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
size_hint: (None, None)
center: root.center
size: [min(root.width, root.height) - 2 * padding] * 2
*.py
[...]
class Board(Widget):
b = None
moving = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Board, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.resize()
self.reset()
Window.bind(on_key_down=self.on_key_down)
[...]
class GameApp(App):
def build(self):
return Manager(transition=WipeTransition())
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window.clearcolor = get_color_from_hex('faf8ef')
GameApp().run()
我是初学者，我正在尝试使用菜单屏幕执行此程序，其中播放按钮 运行 2048 游戏代码。问题是它不绑定 class 来玩游戏。它只出现 kivy 文件部分。显然这里必须实现菜单，只是两个按钮的测试
main.py
from __future__ import division
import random
from kivy.animation import Animation
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen, WipeTransition
from kivy.core.window import Window, Keyboard
from kivy.graphics import Color, BorderImage
from kivy.properties import ListProperty, NumericProperty, ObjectProperty, ReferenceListProperty
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.utils import get_color_from_hex
from kivy.vector import Vector
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.uix.popup import Popup
from kivy.uix.label import Label
spacing = 15
colors = (
'eee4da', 'ede0c8', 'f2b179', 'f59563',
'f67c5f', 'f65e3b', 'edcf72', 'edcc61',
'edc850', 'edc53f', 'edc22e')
tile_colors = {2 ** i: color for i, color in
enumerate(colors, start=1)}
key_vectors = {
Keyboard.keycodes['up']: (0, 1),
Keyboard.keycodes['right']: (1, 0),
Keyboard.keycodes['down']: (0, -1),
Keyboard.keycodes['left']: (-1, 0),
}
class Tile(Widget):
font_size = NumericProperty(24)
number = NumericProperty(2)
color = ListProperty(get_color_from_hex(tile_colors[2]))
number_color = ListProperty(get_color_from_hex('776e65'))
def __init__(self, number=2, **kwargs):
super(Tile, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.font_size = 0.5 * self.width
self.number = number
self.update_colors()
def update_colors(self):
self.color = get_color_from_hex(tile_colors[self.number])
if self.number > 4:
self.number_color = get_color_from_hex('f9f6f2')
def resize(self, pos, size):
self.pos = pos
self.size = size
self.font_size = 0.5 * self.width
def all_cells(flip_x=False, flip_y=False):
for x in (reversed(range(4)) if flip_x else range(4)):
for y in (reversed(range(4)) if flip_y else range(4)):
yield (x, y)
class Board(Widget):
b = None
moving = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Board, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.resize()
def reset(self):
self.b = [[None for i in range(4)] for j in range(4)]
self.new_tile()
self.new_tile()
def new_tile(self, *args):
empty_cells = [(x, y) for x, y in all_cells()
if self.b[x][y] is None]
if not empty_cells:
print('Game over (tentative: no cells)')
return
x, y = random.choice(empty_cells)
tile = Tile(pos=self.cell_pos(x, y),
size=self.cell_size)
self.b[x][y] = tile
self.add_widget(tile)
if len(empty_cells) == 1 and self.is_deadlocked():
print('Game over (board is deadlocked)')
self.moving = False
def is_deadlocked(self):
for x, y in all_cells():
if self.b[x][y] is None:
return False
number = self.b[x][y].number
if self.can_combine(x + 1, y, number) or \
self.can_combine(x, y + 1, number):
return False
return True
def move(self, dir_x, dir_y):
if self.moving:
return
dir_x = int(dir_x)
dir_y = int(dir_y)
for board_x, board_y in all_cells(dir_x > 0, dir_y > 0):
tile = self.b[board_x][board_y]
if not tile:
continue
x, y = board_x, board_y
while self.can_move(x + dir_x, y + dir_y):
self.b[x][y] = None
x += dir_x
y += dir_y
self.b[x][y] = tile
if self.can_combine(x + dir_x, y + dir_y, tile.number):
self.b[x][y] = None
x += dir_x
y += dir_y
self.remove_widget(self.b[x][y])
self.b[x][y] = tile
tile.number *= 2
if (tile.number == 2048):
print('You win the game')
tile.update_colors()
if x == board_x and y == board_y:
continue # nothing has happened
anim = Animation(pos=self.cell_pos(x, y),
duration=0.25, transition='linear')
if not self.moving:
anim.on_complete = self.new_tile
self.moving = True
anim.start(tile)
def valid_cell(self, board_x, board_y):
return (board_x >= 0 and board_y >= 0 and
board_x <= 3 and board_y <= 3)
def can_move(self, board_x, board_y):
return (self.valid_cell(board_x, board_y) and
self.b[board_x][board_y] is None)
def can_combine(self, board_x, board_y, number):
return (self.valid_cell(board_x, board_y) and
self.b[board_x][board_y] is not None and
self.b[board_x][board_y].number == number)
def cell_pos(self, board_x, board_y):
return (self.x + board_x * (self.cell_size[0] + spacing) + spacing,
self.y + board_y * (self.cell_size[1] + spacing) + spacing)
def resize(self, *args):
self.cell_size = (0.25 * (self.width - 5 * spacing), ) * 2
# redraw background
self.canvas.before.clear()
with self.canvas.before:
BorderImage(pos=self.pos, size=self.size, source='board.png')
Color(*get_color_from_hex('ccc0b4'))
for board_x, board_y in all_cells():
BorderImage(pos=self.cell_pos(board_x, board_y),
size=self.cell_size, source='cell.png')
# resize tiles
if not self.b:
return
for board_x, board_y in all_cells():
tile = self.b[board_x][board_y]
if tile:
tile.resize(pos=self.cell_pos(board_x, board_y),
size=self.cell_size)
on_pos = resize
on_size = resize
def on_key_down(self, window, key, *args):
if key in key_vectors:
self.move(*key_vectors[key])
def on_touch_up(self, touch):
v = Vector(touch.pos) - Vector(touch.opos)
if v.length() < 20:
return
if abs(v.x) > abs(v.y):
v.y = 0
else:
v.x = 0
self.move(*v.normalize())
class Manager(ScreenManager):
pass
class GameApp(App):
def build(self):
board = self.root.ids.board
board.reset()
Window.bind(on_key_down=board.on_key_down)
return Manager(transition=WipeTransition())
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window.clearcolor = get_color_from_hex('faf8ef')
GameApp().run()
game.kv
#:set padding 20
FloatLayout:
Board:
id: board
pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
size_hint: (None, None)
center: root.center
size: [min(root.width, root.height) - 2 * padding] * 2
<Tile>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: self.color
BorderImage:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
source: 'cell.png'
Label:
pos: root.pos
size: root.size
bold: True
color: root.number_color
font_size: root.font_size
text: str(root.number)
<Manager>:
id: screen_manager
Screen:
name: 'home'
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Button:
text: 'Play'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
on_press: root.current = 'game'
Button:
text: 'Options'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
Screen:
name: 'game'
Board:
id: game
问题是你创建了 2 个 Boards，你看到的那个是在 Screen 下的那个 board，它从来没有被重置或者 link用键盘编辑过，解决方法是只创建一，用构造函数中的键重置和link。
*.kv
#:set padding 20
<Tile>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: self.color
BorderImage:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
source: 'cell.png'
Label:
pos: root.pos
size: root.size
bold: True
color: root.number_color
font_size: root.font_size
text: str(root.number)
<Manager>:
id: screen_manager
Screen:
name: 'home'
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Button:
text: 'Play'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
on_press: root.current = 'game'
Button:
text: 'Options'
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
font_size: 100
text_size: self.size
Screen:
name: 'game'
Board:
id: garme
pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
size_hint: (None, None)
center: root.center
size: [min(root.width, root.height) - 2 * padding] * 2
*.py
[...]
class Board(Widget):
b = None
moving = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Board, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.resize()
self.reset()
Window.bind(on_key_down=self.on_key_down)
[...]
class GameApp(App):
def build(self):
return Manager(transition=WipeTransition())
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window.clearcolor = get_color_from_hex('faf8ef')
GameApp().run()