"The parameter type `C` may not live long enough",不需要的时候
"The parameter type `C` may not live long enough", when it doesn't need to
我正在用 Rust 编写非常基本的 AI 系统。它的主要组成部分是:
Action
s,可由图书馆用户实现,具体使用,
- 泛型
Context
,传递给所有动作,只需要在动作执行期间存活,
ActionsContainer
,其中 "globally" 存储了所有可能的操作,
System
,选择正确的操作并运行它。系统有很多,每个代理一个。但是,它们共享同一组行为,因此它们都引用一个共同的 ActionsContainer
.
这里有一个最简单的例子来说明我的问题。
// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<Box<Action<C>>>,
}
struct System<'a, C: Context> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
}
impl<'a, C: Context> System<'a, C> {
fn run(&self, c: &mut C) {
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&context);
assert_eq!(context.y, context.x)
}
}
}
编译器抱怨:
error[E0309]: the parameter type `C` may not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
13 | struct System<'a, C: Context> {
| -- help: consider adding an explicit lifetime bound `C: 'a`...
14 | actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: ...so that the reference type `&'a ActionsContainer<C>` does not outlive the data it points at
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
14 | actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
但是,C
没有存储在 Action
中。它只需要在 run
执行时存活。另一方面,Action
确实需要和整个 System
一样长。有什么方法可以注释吗?
我怀疑,它与Higher-Rank Trait Bounds有关,但我不知道如何在这里使用它们。
我也试图摆脱 Action
作为特征对象并只使用普通函数引用:
type Action<C> = fn(&mut C);
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<&'static Action<C>>,
}
但编译器错误几乎相同。
我找到了解决方案:
// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<A> {
actions: Vec<Box<A>>,
}
struct System<'a, A: 'a> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<A>,
}
impl<'a, A> System<'a, A> {
fn run<C>(&self, c: &mut C)
where
C: Context,
A: Action<C>,
{
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = *c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&mut context);
assert_eq!(context.y, *context.x)
}
}
}
Rust 总是假定泛型结构中提到的特征将存储在该结构中(因此我的生命周期问题)。如果您不打算存储特征,请不要在结构定义中提及它。相反,使用更通用的边界,并在定义适当生命周期的方法上阐明它们。
我正在用 Rust 编写非常基本的 AI 系统。它的主要组成部分是:
Action
s,可由图书馆用户实现,具体使用,- 泛型
Context
,传递给所有动作,只需要在动作执行期间存活, ActionsContainer
,其中 "globally" 存储了所有可能的操作,System
,选择正确的操作并运行它。系统有很多,每个代理一个。但是,它们共享同一组行为,因此它们都引用一个共同的ActionsContainer
.
这里有一个最简单的例子来说明我的问题。
// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<Box<Action<C>>>,
}
struct System<'a, C: Context> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
}
impl<'a, C: Context> System<'a, C> {
fn run(&self, c: &mut C) {
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&context);
assert_eq!(context.y, context.x)
}
}
}
编译器抱怨:
error[E0309]: the parameter type `C` may not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
13 | struct System<'a, C: Context> {
| -- help: consider adding an explicit lifetime bound `C: 'a`...
14 | actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: ...so that the reference type `&'a ActionsContainer<C>` does not outlive the data it points at
--> src/main.rs:14:5
|
14 | actions: &'a ActionsContainer<C>,
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
但是,C
没有存储在 Action
中。它只需要在 run
执行时存活。另一方面,Action
确实需要和整个 System
一样长。有什么方法可以注释吗?
我怀疑,它与Higher-Rank Trait Bounds有关,但我不知道如何在这里使用它们。
我也试图摆脱 Action
作为特征对象并只使用普通函数引用:
type Action<C> = fn(&mut C);
struct ActionsContainer<C: Context> {
actions: Vec<&'static Action<C>>,
}
但编译器错误几乎相同。
我找到了解决方案:
// Generic system
trait Context {}
trait Action<C: Context> {
fn run(&self, context: &mut C);
}
struct ActionsContainer<A> {
actions: Vec<Box<A>>,
}
struct System<'a, A: 'a> {
actions: &'a ActionsContainer<A>,
}
impl<'a, A> System<'a, A> {
fn run<C>(&self, c: &mut C)
where
C: Context,
A: Action<C>,
{
self.actions.actions[0].run(c);
}
}
// Implementation
struct ContextImpl<'a> {
x: &'a i32,
y: i32,
}
impl<'a> Context for ContextImpl<'a> {}
struct ActionImpl {}
impl<'a> Action<ContextImpl<'a>> for ActionImpl {
fn run(&self, c: &mut ContextImpl) {
println!("Action!");
c.y = *c.x;
}
}
// usage
fn main() {
let container = ActionsContainer {
actions: vec![Box::new(ActionImpl {})],
};
{
let system = System {
actions: &container,
};
{
let x = 8;
let mut context = ContextImpl { x: &x, y: 0 };
system.run(&mut context);
assert_eq!(context.y, *context.x)
}
}
}
Rust 总是假定泛型结构中提到的特征将存储在该结构中(因此我的生命周期问题)。如果您不打算存储特征,请不要在结构定义中提及它。相反,使用更通用的边界,并在定义适当生命周期的方法上阐明它们。