Rails belongs_to 多个模型 accept_nested_attributes_for

Question

我正在为汽车贸易商构建一个发票系统，其中每张发票都与一个客户和一辆车相关联，客户可能有很多发票，而车辆也有很多发票。我已经使用一个嵌套模型执行以下操作：

purchase_invoice.rb

class PurchaseInvoice < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :vehicle
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :vehicle
end

vehicle.rb

class Vehicle < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :purchase_invoices
end

purchase_invoices_controller.rb

def new
  @vehicle = Vehicle.new
  @purchase_invoice = @vehicle.purchase_invoices.build
end

def create
  @vehicle = Vehicle.new
  @purchase_invoice = @vehicle.purchase_invoices.build(invoice_params)

  if @purchase_invoice.save
    redirect_to @purchase_invoice
  else
    render 'new'
  end
end

private

def invoice_params
  params.require(:purchase_invoice).permit(:buyer, :location, :vehicle_price, :transfer_fee, :balance_due, :payment_cash, :payment_bank_transfer, :payment_comment, :status, vehicle_attributes: [:vrm, :date_first_registered, :make, :model, :colour, :transmission, :vin, :fuel, :power])
end

new.html.erb

<%= form_with model: @purchase_invoice, local: true do |form| %>
  <%= form.fields_for @vehicle do |vehicle_form| %>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

然而，当我像这样添加第二个关系时：

purchase_invoice.rb

class PurchaseInvoice < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :customer
  belongs_to :vehicle
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :customer
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :vehicle
end

我收到一条错误消息：'Unpermitted parameters: :vehicle'

有人知道为什么吗？另外，我将如何在保持强参数的同时修改控制器 new/create 构建操作？

我已经在谷歌上搜索了四个小时，尝试了很多但没有成功。在此先感谢大家！

更新

这是我的日志：

Started POST "/purchase_invoices" for 127.0.0.1 at 2018-03-20 15:10:01 +0000
Processing by PurchaseInvoicesController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "authenticity_token"=>"JB8py9zNxew6aQ6/za3JHDEb4j8f9HGujTlS6P1Eyhb+5NtPPP47fW7AHBkt9eURcnXg0gh9Mf1DCKCSwvlAbg==", "purchase_invoice"=>{"customer"=>{"name"=>""}, "vehicle"=>{"vrm"=>"SA07SSX", "make"=>"VAUXHALL", "model"=>"MERIVA DESIGN", "colour"=>"Silver", "vin"=>"W0L0XCE7574216645", "date_first_registered"=>"20/03/2007"}, "vehicle_odomoter_reading"=>"", "vehicle_number_of_keys"=>"", "vehicle_mot_expiry"=>"", "vehicle_hpi_clear"=>"", "vehicle_comments"=>"", "buyer"=>"", "location"=>"", "vehicle_price"=>"", "transfer_fee"=>"0", "balance_due"=>"", "payment_cash"=>"", "payment_bank_transfer"=>"", "payment_comments"=>""}, "commit"=>"Create Purchase invoice"}
  Vehicle Load (0.3ms)  SELECT  "vehicles".* FROM "vehicles" WHERE "vehicles"."vrm" = ? ORDER BY "vehicles"."id" ASC LIMIT ?  [["vrm", "SA07SSX"], ["LIMIT", 1]]
Unpermitted parameters: :customer, :vehicle, :payment_comments
    (0.1ms)  begin transaction
    (0.1ms)  rollback transaction
  Rendering purchase_invoices/new.html.erb within layouts/application
  Rendered purchase_invoices/new.html.erb within layouts/application (10.2ms)
  Rendered layouts/_header.html.erb (1.7ms)
Completed 200 OK in 63ms (Views: 54.4ms | ActiveRecord: 0.4ms)

Answer 1

你的方法有一些问题，但你已经很接近了。 PurchaseInvoice 模型属于 Vehicle 和 Customer，它存储 customer_id 和一个 vehicle_id。这是正确的。正如您在评论中所说，它不仅仅是一个连接模型，因为它包含许多其他数据，例如价格、转账费用等。无论如何，您传递了很多关于 vehicle 的参数要购买的 ，而不是车辆的 id。事实上，您是在 PurchaseInvoice 创建中创建 vehicle，这是没有意义的。此外，你的 vehicle_attributes 不应该是一个数组，而是一个散列（因为 PurchaseInvoice belongs_to :vehicle; 所以它只是一个），并且应该只有 vehicle_id。鉴于您只需要 vehicle_id，您不需要 nested_attributes（客户也不需要）。我会改变：

控制器：

def new
  @vehicles = Vehicle.all   #All vehicles, to select from the list
  @customers = Customer.all #All customers, to select from the list (unless you use current_user)
  @purchase_invoice = PurchaseInvoice.new
end

def create
  @vehicle = Vehicle.find(params[:vehicle_id])
  @customer = Customer.find(params[:customer_id]) # Or use current_user
  #The above is only needed to check if vehicle and customer exist, but it is not needed below

  @purchase_invoice = PurchaseInvoice.create(invoice_params)

  if @purchase_invoice.save
    redirect_to @purchase_invoice
  else
    render 'new'
  end
end

def invoice_params
  params.require(:purchase_invoice).permit(:customer_id, vehicle_id, :location, :vehicle_price, :transfer_fee, :balance_due, :payment_cash, :payment_bank_transfer, :payment_comment, :status)
end

观点：

<%= form_with model: @purchase_invoice, local: true do |form| %>

  <!-- This is necessary to choose the customer. If the customer is current_user, just remove it. -->
  <%= form.collection_select(:customer_id, @customers, :id, :name %>

  <!-- This is necessary to choose the vehicle. This is extremely simplified -->
  <!-- The customer should be able to look at many attributes of the car -->
  <!-- to be able to select one to purchase -->
  <%= form.collection_select(:vehicle_id, @vehicles, :id, :make %>

  <!-- All other invoice fields. -->
<% end %>

Rails belongs_to 多个模型 accept_nested_attributes_for

Rails belongs_to multiple models with accept_nested_attributes_for

ruby-on-rails

ruby-on-rails-5.1