java.lang.NullPointerException 使用带有 Java 的 cucumber-junit 通过步骤定义文件执行黄瓜功能文件时

Question

虽然运行一个使用带有 Java 的 junit 的黄瓜功能文件，但我收到一个 NULL 指针异常。我无法理解为什么会出现此异常。
这是我的步骤定义文件，写在 java 中。

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import pageObjects.CartPage;
import pageObjects.Checkoutpage;
import pageObjects.HomePage;
import pageObjects.ProductListingPage;
import cucumber.api.PendingException;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;

public class EndtoEndTest {

WebDriver driver;

@Given("^User is on Homepage$")
public void user_is_on_Homepage() throws Throwable {

    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\Downloads\chromedriver.exe");
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("http://www.shop.demoqa.com");
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    driver.manage().window().maximize();


}

@When("^he searches for \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void he_searches_for(String arg1) throws Throwable {

    HomePage home = new HomePage(driver);
    home.perform_Search(arg1);
}

@When("^Choose to buy the first item$")
public void choose_to_buy_the_first_item() throws Throwable {
    ProductListingPage productListingPage = new ProductListingPage(driver);
    productListingPage.select_Product(0);
    productListingPage.clickOn_AddToCart(); 
}

@When("^moves to checkout from mini cart$")
public void moves_to_checkout_from_mini_cart() throws Throwable {
    CartPage cartPage = new CartPage(driver);
    cartPage.clickOn_Cart();
    cartPage.clickOn_ContinueToCheckout();
}

@When("^enter personal details onn checkout page$")
public void enter_personal_details_onn_checkout_page() throws Throwable {


    Checkoutpage checkoutPage = new Checkoutpage(driver);
    checkoutPage.fill_PersonalDetails();    
}

@When("^select same delivery address$")
public void select_same_delivery_address() throws Throwable {
    Checkoutpage checkoutPage = new Checkoutpage(driver);
    checkoutPage.check_ShipToDifferentAddress(false);
}

@When("^select payment method as \"([^\"]*)\" payment$")
public void select_payment_method_as_payment(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    Checkoutpage checkoutPage = new Checkoutpage(driver);
    checkoutPage.select_PaymentMethod("CheckPayment");
}

@When("^place the order$")
public void place_the_order() throws Throwable {
    Checkoutpage checkoutPage = new Checkoutpage(driver);
    checkoutPage.check_TermsAndCondition(true);
    checkoutPage.clickOn_PlaceOrder();

    driver.quit();
}
}

这是我的 PageObject 文件

import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class HomePage {

WebDriver driver;

public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
    this.driver = driver;
    PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}

@FindBy(how=How.XPATH, using="//a[@class='noo-search icon_search']")
private WebElement click_on_search_icon;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using="//input[@class='form-control']")
private WebElement enter_data_for_search;

public void perform_Search(String search) {

    click_on_search_icon.click();
    enter_data_for_search.sendKeys(search);
    enter_data_for_search.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

}

public void navigateTo_HomePage() {
    driver.get("http://www.shop.demoqa.com");
}

}

**我在运行功能文件时得到的错误堆栈跟踪：

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.internal.LocatingElementHandler.invoke(LocatingElementHandler.java:38)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy13.click(Unknown Source)
    at pageObjects.HomePage.perform_Search(HomePage.java:27)
    at stepDefinations.EndtoEndTest.he_searches_for(EndtoEndTest.java:39)
    at ✽.When he searches for "dress"(src/test/resources/functionalTest/EndtoEndTest.feature:9)

我不确定为什么会出现空指针异常。任何帮助，将不胜感激。谢谢**

Answer 1

您收到空指针异常，因为您的驱动程序对象的范围仅限于一个方法。一旦 cucumber-JVM 测试运行程序退出以下方法，它就会被销毁。 : user_is_on_Homepage() 您必须按以下方式重写您的 class。

public EndToEndTest(){
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\Downloads\chromedriver.exe");
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("http://www.shop.demoqa.com");
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
}

@Given("^User is on Homepage$")
public void user_is_on_Homepage() throws Throwable {

  //do some assertion that verifies you are on Homepage.   


}

将驱动程序实例化移动到构造方法。或 创建一个 parent/base class 来处理驱动程序对象 的实例化和关闭。

如果您继续使用后一种方法，请使用来自 Junit 的 @Before 和 @After 注释在执行功能测试之前处理驱动程序对象的拆卸和设置。

Answer 2

您看到 NullPointerException 因为您声明了 WebDriver 的实例，如 :

WebDriver driver;

但是在 user_is_on_Homepage() 函数中向前推进，您已经启动了 WebDriver 的另一个实例，如 :

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

由于您的所有函数都将使用相同的 WebDriver 实例，因此您需要使用已在全局声明的 WebDriver 实例.

解决方案

从 :

更改行

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

收件人：

driver = new ChromeDriver();

Answer 3

我也遇到了同样的问题。我已通过在步骤定义文件中将 WebDriver 设置为静态来纠正它，如下所示。

public class StepDefinitions {
    static WebDriver driver;
    HomePage homePage;

    @Given("^I navigate to the website$")
    public void iNavigateToTheWebsite() {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get(config.getString("test.url"));
    }
    @When("^I enter details and click offers$")
    public void iEnterDetailsAndClickOffers() {
        homePage = new HomePage(driver);
        homePage.searchOffer();
    }

    @When("^I update the dates of the search$")
    public void iUpdateTheDatesOfTheSearch(){
        hotelSelectionPage = new HotelSelectionPage(driver);
        hotelSelectionPage.selectNewSearchDates();
    }
}

java.lang.NullPointerException 使用带有 Java 的 cucumber-junit 通过步骤定义文件执行黄瓜功能文件时

java.lang.NullPointerException when executing cucumber feature file through step definition file using cucumber-junit with Java

java

selenium

webdriver

cucumber-junit

selenium-webdriver

解决方案