如何修复 strcat 函数中的分段错误?

How can I fix segmentation fault in strcat function?

我正在尝试将函数指针用作 C struct.I 的成员,其中包含 Identity、Person 和 RandomPeople types.My 程序以 "program has stopped working" 结尾。我用 gdb 调试了我的程序,我得到了以下输出。

[New Thread 18028.0x2c28]
[New Thread 18028.0x4150]
enter the number of people:2
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x754c5619 in strcat () from C:\WINDOWS\SysWOW64\msvcrt.dll

(在RandomPeople.h中可能是strcat

这是我的程序: Identity struct 可以创建一个标识号并检查给定的标识号。

Identity.h 文件:

#ifndef Identity_H
#define Identity_H
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct IDNO {
    char *(*CreateIDNo)(struct IDNO *);   
};

typedef struct IDNO *Id;
Id CreateID();
char *CreateIDNo(Id this);
#endif

Identity.c 文件:

#include "Identity.h"

char *CreateIDNo(Id this) { 
    int str[11]; 
    int totalodd = 0;
    int totaleven = 0;
    this->id = "";

    for (int i = 1; i < 12; i++) {           
        if (i == 1) {
            int n = 1 + rand() % 9;
            totalodd += n;
            str[i - 1] = n;
            continue;
        } else
        if (i != 1 && i % 2 == 0 && i < 10) {
            int n = rand() % 10;
            totaleven += n;
            str[i - 1] = n;
            continue;
        } else
        if (i != 1 && i % 2 != 0 && i < 10) {
            int n = rand() %10;
            totalodd += n;
            str[i - 1] = n;
            continue;
        } else
        if (i == 10) {
            int n11 = (7 * totalodd - totaleven) % 10;
            str[i - 1] = n11;
            continue;
        } else
        if (i == 11) {
            int n12 = (totalodd + totaleven + str[9]) % 10;
            str[i - 1] = n12;
            continue;
        }      
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        char *b; 
        itoa(str[i], b, 10);
        strcat(this->id, b);
    }
    return this->id;
}

每个 Person 都有 Identity 引用,可以使用此引用创建身份号码。

Person.h 文件:

#ifndef PERSON_H
#define PERSON_H
#include "Identity.h"

struct PERSON {
    Id superid;
};

typedef struct PERSON *Person;
Person CreatePerson();
#endif

Person.c 文件:

#include "Person.h"

Person CreatePerson() {
    Person this;
    this = (Person)malloc(sizeof(struct PERSON));
    this->superid = CreateID();  //Creating my reference    
    return this;
}

RandomPeople.c 文件:

#include "RandomPeople.h"

void CreateRandomPeopleData(RandomPeople k) {
    Person person = CreatePerson();
    char *formatted_identity = person->superid->CreateIDNo(person->superid);
    strcat(data, formatted_identity);       
}   

test.c 文件

int main() {
    RandomPeople rastgelekisiler = CreateRandomPeople();
    rastgelekisiler->CreateRandomPeopleData(rastgelekisiler);
    return 0;
}

编辑:我把这些结构放在我的问题上,因为分段问题可能出现在这些函数指针主体中。这些函数可能 return 可能指向错误位置或 null 的字符指针。我认为这个问题有最小的、完整的和可验证的例子。我不想被低估。

你在 Identity.c 中初始化 this->id 这样:this->id = "";

strcat(this->id, b) 将尝试写入字符串文字 "".

的只读存储,但失败

顺便说一句,b 在传递给 itoa(str[i], b, 10); 时未初始化,这是未定义行为的另一个计数。