如何复制嵌入在 tkinter 中的 turtle frame 的内容 canvas
How to copy contents of turtle frame embedded in tkinter canvas
我正在尝试保存 tkinter canvas 的当前状态以便稍后显示。这是我尝试使用 deepcopy:
的方法
from tkinter import *
from copy import deepcopy
root=Tk()
cv=Canvas(root)
cv.pack()
cvcopy=deepcopy(cv)
mainloop()
但是行 cvcopy=deepcopy(cv) 产生了错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Fred/Desktop/painting/mcve.py", line 6, in <module>
cvcopy=deepcopy(cv)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 295, in _reconstruct
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 146, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 235, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 295, in _reconstruct
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 146, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 235, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 280, in _reconstruct
y = callable(*args)
File "C:\python files\lib\copyreg.py", line 88, in __newobj__
return cls.__new__(cls, *args)
TypeError: object.__new__(tkapp) is not safe, use tkapp.__new__()
因为显然你不能像那样创建一个新的小部件。这是我用来在 turtle 屏幕上嵌入和绘制的代码：
cv = tkinter.Canvas(self.root,width=300,height=300)
cv.pack()
t = turtle.RawTurtle(cv)
s = t.getscreen()
def toggledown():
if t.isdown():
t.penup()
else:
t.pendown()
t.speed(0)
t.ondrag(t.goto)
s.onclick(t.goto)
s.onkey(toggledown, 'space')
s.listen()
有谁知道如何复制屏幕，然后再添加到其他地方？
你不能为所欲为。小部件不是纯粹的 python 对象。他们的大部分状态都在嵌入式 tcl 解释器中。您根本无法像这样复制 tkinter 小部件。
简而言之，无法复制 tkinter 小部件。您可以做的最好的事情是使用 configure 方法获取小部件的所有配置选项，然后使用相同的选项创建一个新的小部件。即使这样，它也不会存储内部状态，例如 canvas 上的绘图、文本小部件中的文本等
无法复制小部件，但是如果您同时创建了一个相同的小部件，但没有调用几何管理器，则可以稍后将其添加到屏幕：
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
cv = Canvas(self.root, width=300, height=300)
cv.pack()
copy = Canvas(otherframe, width=300, height=300)
t = turtle.RawTurtle(cv)
s = t.getscreen()
ct = turtle.RawTurtle(copy)
cs = ct.getscreen()
def toggledown():
if t.isdown():
t.penup()
ct.penup() #no point testing twice since they're the same
else:
t.pendown()
ct.pendown()
def goto(x, y):
t.goto(x, y)
ct.goto(x, y)
Button(self.root, text='Copy', command=copy.pack).pack()
t.speed(0)
ct.speed(0)
t.ondrag(goto) #the copy will go to the same place
s.onclick(goto)
s.onkey(toggledown, 'space')
s.listen()
mainloop()
在这种情况下，您还可以通过为画布创建 class 来节省时间：
class Drawing(object):
def __init__(self, master, otherframe):
self.cv = Canvas(master, width=300, height=300)
self.cv.pack()
self.copy = Canvas(otherframe, width=300, height=300)
self.t.RawTurtle(self)
self.s = self.t.getscreen()
self.ct.RawTurtle(self)
self.cs = self.ct.getscreen()
self.ct.speed(0)
self.t.speed(0)
self.t.ondrag(self.goto) #the copy will go to the same place
self.s.onclick(self.goto)
self.s.onkey(self.toggledown, 'space')
self.s.listen()
def toggledown(self):
if self.t.isdown():
self.t.penup()
self.ct.penup()
else:
self.t.pendown()
self.ct.pendown()
def goto(self, x, y):
self.t.goto(x, y)
self.ct.goto(x, y)
def addCopy(self):
self.copy.pack()
这似乎可以完成您想要的事情。这不是一个完整的示例，而只是演示了一种实现复制目标的方法。
你的问题没有任何代码实际在 Canvas 上绘制一些东西，所以我从 tutorial 那里借用了一些我发现的使用 tkinter 的代码，以便拥有a Canvas 上面有一些小部件，用于说明目的。它生成一个 window 看起来像这样，它有一个 Button 和一个 Canvas 小部件，只包含三个不同颜色的矩形小部件：
这里的演示代码展示了如何遍历 Canvas 当前的所有小部件：
from pprint import pprint, pformat
from tkinter import Button, Tk, Canvas, Frame, BOTH
class Example(Frame):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.master.title("Colours")
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
button = Button(self, text="Copy", command=self.copy_canvas)
button.pack()
self.canvas = Canvas(self)
self.canvas.create_rectangle(30, 10, 120, 80,
outline="#fb0", fill="#fb0")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(150, 10, 240, 80,
outline="#f50", fill="#f50")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(270, 10, 370, 80,
outline="#05f", fill="#05f")
self.canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
def copy_canvas(self):
# Iterate through all the items in self.canvas and print each
# one's type and options (which could be used to recreate it).
for id in self.canvas.find_all():
item_type = self.canvas.type(id)
options = self.canvas.itemconfigure(id)
formatted_options = pformat(options, indent=4)
print('id: {}, type: {!r}\n{}'.format(
id, item_type, formatted_options))
def main():
root = Tk()
ex = Example()
root.geometry("400x100+300+300")
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这是按下 复制 按钮时打印的内容：
id: 1, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#fb0'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#fb0'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}
id: 2, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#f50'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#f50'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}
id: 3, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#05f'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#05f'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}
我正在尝试保存 tkinter canvas 的当前状态以便稍后显示。这是我尝试使用 deepcopy:
from tkinter import *
from copy import deepcopy
root=Tk()
cv=Canvas(root)
cv.pack()
cvcopy=deepcopy(cv)
mainloop()
但是行 cvcopy=deepcopy(cv) 产生了错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Fred/Desktop/painting/mcve.py", line 6, in <module>
cvcopy=deepcopy(cv)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 295, in _reconstruct
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 146, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 235, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 295, in _reconstruct
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 146, in deepcopy
y = copier(x, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 235, in _deepcopy_dict
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 173, in deepcopy
y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo)
File "C:\python files\lib\copy.py", line 280, in _reconstruct
y = callable(*args)
File "C:\python files\lib\copyreg.py", line 88, in __newobj__
return cls.__new__(cls, *args)
TypeError: object.__new__(tkapp) is not safe, use tkapp.__new__()
因为显然你不能像那样创建一个新的小部件。这是我用来在 turtle 屏幕上嵌入和绘制的代码：
cv = tkinter.Canvas(self.root,width=300,height=300)
cv.pack()
t = turtle.RawTurtle(cv)
s = t.getscreen()
def toggledown():
if t.isdown():
t.penup()
else:
t.pendown()
t.speed(0)
t.ondrag(t.goto)
s.onclick(t.goto)
s.onkey(toggledown, 'space')
s.listen()
有谁知道如何复制屏幕，然后再添加到其他地方？
你不能为所欲为。小部件不是纯粹的 python 对象。他们的大部分状态都在嵌入式 tcl 解释器中。您根本无法像这样复制 tkinter 小部件。
简而言之，无法复制 tkinter 小部件。您可以做的最好的事情是使用 configure 方法获取小部件的所有配置选项，然后使用相同的选项创建一个新的小部件。即使这样，它也不会存储内部状态，例如 canvas 上的绘图、文本小部件中的文本等
无法复制小部件，但是如果您同时创建了一个相同的小部件，但没有调用几何管理器，则可以稍后将其添加到屏幕：
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
cv = Canvas(self.root, width=300, height=300)
cv.pack()
copy = Canvas(otherframe, width=300, height=300)
t = turtle.RawTurtle(cv)
s = t.getscreen()
ct = turtle.RawTurtle(copy)
cs = ct.getscreen()
def toggledown():
if t.isdown():
t.penup()
ct.penup() #no point testing twice since they're the same
else:
t.pendown()
ct.pendown()
def goto(x, y):
t.goto(x, y)
ct.goto(x, y)
Button(self.root, text='Copy', command=copy.pack).pack()
t.speed(0)
ct.speed(0)
t.ondrag(goto) #the copy will go to the same place
s.onclick(goto)
s.onkey(toggledown, 'space')
s.listen()
mainloop()
在这种情况下，您还可以通过为画布创建 class 来节省时间：
class Drawing(object):
def __init__(self, master, otherframe):
self.cv = Canvas(master, width=300, height=300)
self.cv.pack()
self.copy = Canvas(otherframe, width=300, height=300)
self.t.RawTurtle(self)
self.s = self.t.getscreen()
self.ct.RawTurtle(self)
self.cs = self.ct.getscreen()
self.ct.speed(0)
self.t.speed(0)
self.t.ondrag(self.goto) #the copy will go to the same place
self.s.onclick(self.goto)
self.s.onkey(self.toggledown, 'space')
self.s.listen()
def toggledown(self):
if self.t.isdown():
self.t.penup()
self.ct.penup()
else:
self.t.pendown()
self.ct.pendown()
def goto(self, x, y):
self.t.goto(x, y)
self.ct.goto(x, y)
def addCopy(self):
self.copy.pack()
这似乎可以完成您想要的事情。这不是一个完整的示例，而只是演示了一种实现复制目标的方法。
你的问题没有任何代码实际在 Canvas 上绘制一些东西，所以我从 tutorial 那里借用了一些我发现的使用 tkinter 的代码，以便拥有a Canvas 上面有一些小部件，用于说明目的。它生成一个 window 看起来像这样，它有一个 Button 和一个 Canvas 小部件，只包含三个不同颜色的矩形小部件：
这里的演示代码展示了如何遍历 Canvas 当前的所有小部件：
from pprint import pprint, pformat
from tkinter import Button, Tk, Canvas, Frame, BOTH
class Example(Frame):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.master.title("Colours")
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
button = Button(self, text="Copy", command=self.copy_canvas)
button.pack()
self.canvas = Canvas(self)
self.canvas.create_rectangle(30, 10, 120, 80,
outline="#fb0", fill="#fb0")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(150, 10, 240, 80,
outline="#f50", fill="#f50")
self.canvas.create_rectangle(270, 10, 370, 80,
outline="#05f", fill="#05f")
self.canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
def copy_canvas(self):
# Iterate through all the items in self.canvas and print each
# one's type and options (which could be used to recreate it).
for id in self.canvas.find_all():
item_type = self.canvas.type(id)
options = self.canvas.itemconfigure(id)
formatted_options = pformat(options, indent=4)
print('id: {}, type: {!r}\n{}'.format(
id, item_type, formatted_options))
def main():
root = Tk()
ex = Example()
root.geometry("400x100+300+300")
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这是按下 复制 按钮时打印的内容：
id: 1, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#fb0'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#fb0'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}
id: 2, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#f50'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#f50'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}
id: 3, type: 'rectangle'
{ 'activedash': ('activedash', '', '', '', ''),
'activefill': ('activefill', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutline': ('activeoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'activeoutlinestipple': ('activeoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activestipple': ('activestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'activewidth': ('activewidth', '', '', '0.0', '0.0'),
'dash': ('dash', '', '', '', ''),
'dashoffset': ('dashoffset', '', '', '0', '0'),
'disableddash': ('disableddash', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledfill': ('disabledfill', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutline': ('disabledoutline', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledoutlinestipple': ('disabledoutlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledstipple': ('disabledstipple', '', '', '', ''),
'disabledwidth': ('disabledwidth', '', '', '0.0', '0'),
'fill': ('fill', '', '', '', '#05f'),
'offset': ('offset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outline': ('outline', '', '', 'black', '#05f'),
'outlineoffset': ('outlineoffset', '', '', '0,0', '0,0'),
'outlinestipple': ('outlinestipple', '', '', '', ''),
'state': ('state', '', '', '', ''),
'stipple': ('stipple', '', '', '', ''),
'tags': ('tags', '', '', '', ''),
'width': ('width', '', '', '1.0', '1.0')}