从 TXT 文件生成 XML 格式

Question

我有下面的输入 txt 文件，我正在尝试生成下面的 XMl 文件。我正在尝试用 awk 来实现，但是我想我正在重新发明轮子。你建议我怎么做？谢谢

输入 txt 文件（示例，此输入可能更大）

Usw 1:1 Desktop
Usw 1:2 Netbooks
Usw 1:3 Servers, mainframes and supercomputers
Usw 1:4 Smart devices
Usw 1:5 Embedded devices
Usw 1:6 Gaming
Usw 1:7 Specialized uses
Usw 2:1 Precursors
Usw 2:2 Creation
Usw 2:5 Naming
Usw 2:6 Commercial and popular uptake
Usw 2:9 Current development
Des 1:1 User interface
Des 1:2 Video input infrastructure
Des 1:3 Hardware
Des 2:1 Community
Des 2:2 Programming on Linux

xml 需要的文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<XMLRT xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="SomeSchema.xsd" bename="The name" status="v" version="1.4" revision="1" type="x-rt">
<INTRO>
    <title>Some title</title>
    <creator>
    </creator>
    <subject>Some subject</subject>
    <description>Some description</description>
    <date>2010-05-12</date>
    <type>Some text</type>
</INTRO>
<RTBLOCK bname="Usw" bnumber="1" bsname="1U">
    <CTR cnumber="1">
    <ES vnumber="1">Desktop</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Netbooks</ES>
    <ES vnumber="3">SerES, mainframes and supercomputers</ES>
    <ES vnumber="4">Smart devices</ES>
    <ES vnumber="5">Embedded devices</ES>
    <ES vnumber="6">Gaming</ES>
    <ES vnumber="7">Specialized uses</ES>
    </CTR>
    <CTR cnumber="2">
    <ES vnumber="1">Precursors</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Creation</ES>
    <ES vnumber="5">Naming</ES>
    <ES vnumber="6">Commercial and popular uptake</ES>
    <ES vnumber="9">Current development</ES>
    </CTR>
</RTBLOCK>
<RTBLOCK bname="Des" bnumber="1" bsname="1D">
    <CTR cnumber="1">
    <ES vnumber="1">User interface</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Video input infrastructure</ES>
    <ES vnumber="3">Hardware</ES>
    </CTR>
    <CTR cnumber="2">
    <ES vnumber="1">Community</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Programming on Linux</ES>
    </CTR>
</RTBLOCK>
</XMLRT>

Answer 1

只是为了表明您不需要 XML 感知工具来生成 您需要 用于任何给定目的的特定 XML，这里有一个为你的例子做的方法：

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN {
    print    "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"
    print    ""
    print    "<XMLRT xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=\"SomeSchema.xsd\" bename=\"The name\" status=\"v\" version=\"1.4\" revision=\"1\" type=\"x-rt\">"
    print    "<INTRO>"
    print    "    <title>Some title</title>"
    print    "    <creator>"
    print    "    </creator>"
    print    "    <subject>Some subject</subject>"
    print    "    <description>Some description</description>"
    print    "    <date>2010-05-12</date>"
    print    "    <type>Some text</type>"
    print    "</INTRO>"

    rtBeg  = "<RTBLOCK bname=\"%s\" bnumber=\"1\" bsname=\"1%s\">\n"
    ctrBeg = "    <CTR cnumber=\"%d\">\n"
    esBody = "    <ES vnumber=\"%d\">%s</ES>\n"
    ctrEnd = "    </CTR>\n"
    rtEnd  = "</RTBLOCK>\n"
    xmlEnd = "</XMLRT>\n"
}
{
    bname = 

    split(,tmp,/:/)
    cnum = tmp[1]
    vnum = tmp[2]

    text = [=10=]
    sub(/([^[:space:]]+[[:space:]]+){2}/,"",text)
}

bname != prevBname {
    if (prevCnum  != "") printf ctrEnd
    if (prevBname != "") printf rtEnd
    printf rtBeg, bname, substr(bname,1,1)
    prevCnum = ""
    prevBname = bname
}

cnum != prevCnum {
    if (prevCnum != "") printf ctrEnd
    printf ctrBeg, cnum
    prevCnum = cnum
}

{ printf esBody, vnum, text }

END {
    if (prevCnum  != "") printf ctrEnd
    if (prevBname != "") printf rtEnd
    printf xmlEnd
}

.

$ awk -f tst.awk file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<XMLRT xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="SomeSchema.xsd" bename="The name" status="v" version="1.4" revision="1" type="x-rt">
<INTRO>
    <title>Some title</title>
    <creator>
    </creator>
    <subject>Some subject</subject>
    <description>Some description</description>
    <date>2010-05-12</date>
    <type>Some text</type>
</INTRO>
<RTBLOCK bname="Usw" bnumber="1" bsname="1U">
    <CTR cnumber="1">
    <ES vnumber="1">Desktop</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Netbooks</ES>
    <ES vnumber="3">Servers, mainframes and supercomputers</ES>
    <ES vnumber="4">Smart devices</ES>
    <ES vnumber="5">Embedded devices</ES>
    <ES vnumber="6">Gaming</ES>
    <ES vnumber="7">Specialized uses</ES>
    </CTR>
    <CTR cnumber="2">
    <ES vnumber="1">Precursors</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Creation</ES>
    <ES vnumber="5">Naming</ES>
    <ES vnumber="6">Commercial and popular uptake</ES>
    <ES vnumber="9">Current development</ES>
    </CTR>
</RTBLOCK>
<RTBLOCK bname="Des" bnumber="1" bsname="1D">
    <CTR cnumber="1">
    <ES vnumber="1">User interface</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Video input infrastructure</ES>
    <ES vnumber="3">Hardware</ES>
    </CTR>
    <CTR cnumber="2">
    <ES vnumber="1">Community</ES>
    <ES vnumber="2">Programming on Linux</ES>
    </CTR>
</RTBLOCK>
</XMLRT>

以上内容将在任何 UNIX 机器上的任何 shell 中与任何 POSIX awk 一起高效、稳健且可移植地工作。

Answer 2

How do you suggest me to do it?

我建议使用像 Saxon by Saxonica 这样的 XSLT-2.0+ 处理器来输出想要的 XML 文件。但其他 XSLT-2.0 处理器也能正常工作。

以下 XSLT-2.0 样式表分两步工作：

将未解析的文本检索到 <xsl:variable>
通过 <xsl:analyze-string>
将生成的平面 XML 节点与 <xsl:for-each-group>

因此样式表可能如下所示：

<xsl:stylesheet version="3.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" exclude-result-prefixes="xs">
    <xsl:output method="xml" />    
    <xsl:param name="text-encoding" as="xs:string" select="'utf-8'"/>
    <xsl:param name="text-uri"      as="xs:string" select="'file:///home/kubuntu/Downloads/input.txt'"/>

    <xsl:template match="/">
        <XMLRT xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="SomeSchema.xsd" bename="The name" status="v" version="1.4" revision="1" type="x-rt">
            <!-- Step 1 ### get unparsed text -->
            <xsl:variable name="input-text" select="unparsed-text($text-uri, $text-encoding)"/>
            <!-- Step 2 ### Apply RegEx to every line to create <Line...> elements -->
            <xsl:variable name="xmlStepOne">
                <xsl:for-each select="tokenize($input-text,'&#xa;')">
                    <xsl:if test=".!=''">                  <!-- Skip empty lines -->
                        <xsl:analyze-string select="." regex="([^\s]+)\s([^:]+):([^\s]+)\s(.*)$">
                            <xsl:matching-substring>       <!-- Parse line with RegEx and create <Line...> XML -->
                                <Line str="{regex-group(1)}" idx1="{regex-group(2)}" idx2="{regex-group(3)}"><xsl:value-of select="regex-group(4)"/></Line>
                            </xsl:matching-substring>
                            <xsl:non-matching-substring>   <!-- Output an error if a line cannot be processed -->
                                <xsl:message terminate="yes">Error processing line &#xa;<xsl:value-of select="current()"/>&#xa;</xsl:message>
                            </xsl:non-matching-substring>
                        </xsl:analyze-string>                
                    </xsl:if>
                </xsl:for-each>
            </xsl:variable>
            <!-- Step 3 ### Group the linear flow of <Line...> elements -->
            <xsl:for-each-group select="$xmlStepOne/Line" group-by="@str">
                <RTBLOCK bname="{current-grouping-key()}" bnumber="1" bsname="{concat('1',substring(current-grouping-key(),1,1))}">
                    <xsl:for-each-group select="current-group()" group-by="@idx1">
                        <xsl:sort select="@idx1" />
                        <CTR cnumber="{@idx1}"> 
                            <xsl:for-each select="current-group()">
                                <xsl:sort select="@idx2" />
                                <ES vnumber="{@idx2}"><xsl:value-of select="."/></ES>
                            </xsl:for-each>
                        </CTR>
                    </xsl:for-each-group>
                </RTBLOCK>
            </xsl:for-each-group>
        </XMLRT>
    </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

您可以在开头的两个参数中设置输入文件名和编码。

上面示例文件的输出是：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<XMLRT xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="SomeSchema.xsd" bename="The name" status="v" version="1.4" revision="1" type="x-rt">
    <RTBLOCK bname="Usw" bnumber="1" bsname="1U">
        <CTR cnumber="1">
            <ES vnumber="1">Desktop</ES>
            <ES vnumber="2">Netbooks</ES>
            <ES vnumber="3">Servers, mainframes and supercomputers</ES>
            <ES vnumber="4">Smart devices</ES>
            <ES vnumber="5">Embedded devices</ES>
            <ES vnumber="6">Gaming</ES>
            <ES vnumber="7">Specialized uses</ES>
        </CTR>
        <CTR cnumber="2">
            <ES vnumber="1">Precursors</ES>
            <ES vnumber="2">Creation</ES>
            <ES vnumber="5">Naming</ES>
            <ES vnumber="6">Commercial and popular uptake</ES>
            <ES vnumber="9">Current development</ES>
        </CTR>
    </RTBLOCK>
    <RTBLOCK bname="Des" bnumber="1" bsname="1D">
        <CTR cnumber="1">
            <ES vnumber="1">User interface</ES>
            <ES vnumber="2">Video input infrastructure</ES>
            <ES vnumber="3">Hardware</ES>
        </CTR>
        <CTR cnumber="2">
            <ES vnumber="1">Community</ES>
            <ES vnumber="2">Programming on Linux</ES>
        </CTR>
    </RTBLOCK>
</XMLRT>

这种方法的另一个优点是您可以使用 XML/XSLT 处理所有事情，因此它知道字符编码以及使用 awk 或更简单的解决方案未涵盖的所有其他内容相似。

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