Error: gunicorn: Failed to find application object 'app' in 'app'

Question

这是我的代码：

app.py

from flask_graphql import GraphQLView
from app.infrastructure.graphql import schema
from app.infrastructure.api_resource import app

app.add_url_rule('/graphql', view_func=GraphQLView.as_view('graphql', schema=schema, graphiql=True))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

api_resource.py

import app.infrastructure.repository as repository
from flask import request, url_for
from flask_restplus import Api, Resource, fields
from sqlalchemy_pagination import paginate
from sqlalchemy_fulltext import FullTextSearch

app = repository.app
api = Api(app, version='0.1', title='xxxxx',
          description='xxxxx')
...

repository.py

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from app.domain.model import Base

connection_string = 'xxxxxx'

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = connection_string
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app, metadata=Base.metadata)

但是，当我执行 gunicorn 命令时 "gunicorn app: app" 我得到这个错误：

Failed to find application object 'app' in 'app'

我在 ubuntu 16.04 上使用 pipenv whith pipenv shell，但我也尝试过 docker 容器并得到同样的错误。这是我的 pip 文件：

[[source]]
url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[dev-packages]

[packages]
flask-graphql = "*"
flask-sqlalchemy = "*"
sqlalchemy-fulltext-search = "*"
graphene-sqlalchemy = ">=2.0"
flask-marshmallow = "*"
sqlalchemy-pagination = "*"
flask-restplus = "*"
requests = "*"
mysqlclient = "*"
gunicorn = "*"

[requires]
python_version = "3.6"

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

您有一个名为 app 的文件夹（如文件中的导入行所示）和一个 app.py 文件。

Gunicorn 将尝试在 app 模块中找到 app WSGI 变量，在您的例子中它被标识为 app/__init__.py

您需要重命名文件夹或 app.py 文件以避免此冲突。

Answer 2

我发现这个错误只发生在 gunicorn 版本 20+ 上。当我降级到版本 19.9.0 时，即使文件夹和 app.py 共享相同的名称，它也能正常工作。

Error: gunicorn: Failed to find application object 'app' in 'app'

Error: gunicorn: Failed to find application object 'app' in 'app'

python

python-3.x

gunicorn

pipenv