字符串回溯错误 Python
String Traceback Error Python
我遇到了一个看似非常基本的问题，但我无法解决...
当我 运行 我的代码时，我总是得到 "Traceback (most recent call last):" 错误。
问题似乎出在 String ?
我得到的错误代码如下：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 250, in run_nodebug
File "C:\Users\ThinkPad\Documents\Projekt2k18\No Escape ! V1.8.py", line 122, in <module>
stylo = Stylo()
File "C:\Users\ThinkPad\Documents\Projekt2k18\No Escape ! V1.8.py", line 5, in __init__
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 3816, in __init__
visible=visible)
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2557, in __init__
self._update()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2660, in _update
self._update_data()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2646, in _update_data
self.screen._incrementudc()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 1292, in _incrementudc
raise Terminator
turtle.Terminator
这是我的代码：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
class Stylo(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
self.color("white")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
class Joueur(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
Turtle.__init__(self, "face.gif")
self.color("blue")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
def haut(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() + 24
self.shape("back.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def bas(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() - 24
self.shape("face.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def gauche(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor() - 24
move_to_y = self.ycor()
self.shape("left.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def droite(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor() + 24
move_to_y = self.ycor()
self.shape("right.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def collision(self, other):
return self.distance(other) < 5
class Tresor(Turtle):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Turtle.__init__(self, "tresor.gif")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
self.goto(x, y)
def destruction(self):
self.hideturtle()
self.goto(2000, 2000)
class Forme(object):
def __init__(self, length, width, color, sides):
self.length = length
self.width = width
self.color = color
self.sides = sides
def draw(self):
t = turtle.Pen()
boucle=True
while boucle: #Boucle menu
a=int(input("Choisissez la figure à réaliser avec Turtle :\n1. Jouer \n2. Leaderboard \n0. Sortir"))
if a==1:
fn = Screen()
fn.bgcolor("black")
fn.title("No Escape!")
fn.setup(700, 700)
IMAGES = ["right.gif", "left.gif", "face.gif", "back.gif", "tresor.gif", "mur.gif", "sol.gif"]
for image in IMAGES:
# On ajoute l'image a notre labyrinthe.
fn.addshape(image)
POLICE1 = ('Arial', 24, 'bold')
POLICE2 = ('Arial', 50, 'bold')
NIVEAUX = [[
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XJ X X X",
"X X XXX X XXXXXXX X",
"X X TX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X XXXXXXX X",
"XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXX X XT X X X",
"X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX X",
"X X X X X X X",
"X X XT X X X X XTX",
"X X XXXX X X XXXXXX X XXX",
"X X X X X TX X X",
"X XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"X X X X",
"XXXXXXXX XTX X X XXX X",
"X X X XXX X X XT X",
"X XXX X X X X XXXXX",
"X XXT X X XXXXXXX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X",
"X XXXXXXXXXX X X",
"XXXXX XXXXX X",
"X X X X XX XXXXX",
"X XXXXXXXX X XXX X XX",
"X TX X XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"]]
#fn.tracer(False) # On enleve les mises a jour de l'ecran.
stylo = Stylo()
joueur = Joueur()
tresors = []
murs = []
setup_labyrinthe(NIVEAUX[0])
def setup_labyrinthe(niveau):
for y in range(len(niveau)):
for x in range(len(niveau[y])):
caractere = niveau[y][x]
ecran_x = -288 + (x * 24)
ecran_y = 288 - (y * 24)
if caractere == "X":
stylo.goto(ecran_x, ecran_y)
stylo.stamp()
murs.append((ecran_x, ecran_y))
elif caractere == "J":
joueur.goto(ecran_x, ecran_y)
elif caractere == "T":
tresors.append(Tresor(ecran_x, ecran_y))
def scorefn():
global score
for tresor in tresors:
if joueur.collision(tresor):
tresor.destruction()
tresors.remove(tresor)
score += 100
marker.undo()
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
if score == 1000 :
marker.goto(-150, 0)
marker.write("You Win !", font=POLICE2)
fn.onkeypress(joueur.gauche, "Left")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.droite, "Right")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.haut, "Up")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.bas, "Down")
fn.onkey(fn.bye, "Escape")
fn.listen()
score = 0
marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.color('gray')
marker.goto(-275, 305)
marker.write("No Escape !", font=POLICE1)
marker.goto(240, 305)
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
fn.tracer(True) # On remet les mises a jour de l'ecran
fn.mainloop()
if a==0:
boucle=False
有人能告诉我为什么会遇到这个问题并帮我解决吗？
非常感谢，
最大
我看到的其中一个是 if score == 1000 : 并且 space 不应该在 1000 和 :
之间
P.S。我是stack overflow的菜鸟，那怎么让一段代码显示这里是一段代码呢？
我在您的代码中看到的主要问题是这个整体 while 控制结构将不起作用：
boucle = True
while boucle: # Boucle menu
a = int(input("Choisissez la figure à réaliser avec Turtle :\n1. Jouer \n2. Leaderboard \n0. Sortir"))
if a == 1:
fn = Screen()
...
fn.mainloop()
if a == 2:
pass # implement leaderboard
if a == 0:
boucle = False
一旦你在选项 1 下调用 mainloop()，你将控制权交给 tkinter 和 if/when 它 returns，乌龟世界的状态可能不会重新 运行启用。
我建议您考虑将此 turtle 程序嵌入到 tkinter window 层次结构中，以允许您将排行榜作为单独的 tkinter window 弹出。另外，再次播放的选项应该是事件循环中的 button-like 事件，而不是向控制台提问。
其他几个问题：
而不是：
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
考虑：
super().__init__("mur.gif")
这个重复的逻辑：
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() + 24
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
...
注定最终会失败。海龟在浮点平面上游荡，假设平等并不总是像你期望的那样工作。将您从海龟返回的位置值强制转换为 int() 会有所帮助。
I have removed the while loop as you mentionned but I still can't work
out why my program won't run
下面是我为我播放的你的程序的修改。我用海龟形状和标题替换了图像，这样 SO 上的任何人都可以播放它。我尽可能地简化了代码并重新设计了它的样式：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
POLICE1 = ('Arial', 24, 'bold')
POLICE2 = ('Arial', 50, 'bold')
NIVEAUX = [[
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XJ X X X",
"X X XXX X XXXXXXX X",
"X X TX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X XXXXXXX X",
"XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXX X XT X X X",
"X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX X",
"X X X X X X X",
"X X XT X X X X XTX",
"X X XXXX X X XXXXXX X XXX",
"X X X X X TX X X",
"X XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"X X X X",
"XXXXXXXX XTX X X XXX X",
"X X X XXX X X XT X",
"X XXX X X X X XXXXX",
"X XXT X X XXXXXXX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X",
"X XXXXXXXXXX X X",
"XXXXX XXXXX X",
"X X X X XX XXXXX",
"X XXXXXXXX X XXX X XX",
"X TX X XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"]]
class Stylo(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("square")
self.speed('fastest')
self.color("white")
self.penup()
class Joueur(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("turtle")
self.speed('fastest')
self.color("green")
self.penup()
def haut(self):
self.setheading(90)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x), int(y) + 24)
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def bas(self):
self.setheading(270)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x), int(y) - 24)
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def gauche(self):
self.setheading(180)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x) - 24, int(y))
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def droite(self):
self.setheading(0)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x) + 24, int(y))
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def collision(self, other):
return self.distance(other) < 5
class Tresor(Turtle):
def __init__(self, position):
super().__init__("triangle")
self.setheading(90) # make look like pile of gold
self.color("gold")
self.penup()
self.goto(position)
tresors.append(self)
def destruction(self):
tresors.remove(self)
self.hideturtle()
def setup_labyrinthe(niveau):
screen.tracer(False)
for y in range(len(niveau)):
for x in range(len(niveau[y])):
caractere = niveau[y][x]
ecran = ((x * 24) - 288, 288 - (y * 24))
if caractere == "X":
stylo.goto(ecran)
stylo.stamp()
murs.append(ecran)
elif caractere == "J":
joueur.goto(ecran)
elif caractere == "T":
Tresor(ecran)
screen.tracer(True)
def scorefn():
global score
for tresor in tresors:
if joueur.collision(tresor):
tresor.destruction()
score += 100
marker.undo()
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
if score >= 1000:
marker.goto(-150, 0)
marker.color('red')
marker.write("You Win!", font=POLICE2)
# disable movements but leave Escape/exit active
for direction in ["Left", "Right", "Up", "Down"]:
screen.onkeypress(None, direction)
screen = Screen()
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.title("No Escape!")
screen.setup(700, 700)
tresors = []
murs = []
stylo = Stylo()
joueur = Joueur()
setup_labyrinthe(NIVEAUX[0])
score = 0
marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.color('gray')
marker.goto(-275, 305)
marker.write("No Escape!", font=POLICE1)
marker.goto(240, 305)
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
screen.onkeypress(joueur.gauche, "Left")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.droite, "Right")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.haut, "Up")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.bas, "Down")
screen.onkey(screen.bye, "Escape")
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()
如果这仍然不适合您 运行，您可能会寻找外部 为什么您的程序不 运行 的原因。 （例如，您是否将其中一个文件命名为 Python 库模块；您的任何 Unicode 文本（字符串或文件名）是否令人困惑 Python；您是否 运行 正在使用一个标准Python 的版本；你有 turtle.py 的标准版本吗？等等）
我遇到了一个看似非常基本的问题，但我无法解决... 当我 运行 我的代码时，我总是得到 "Traceback (most recent call last):" 错误。 问题似乎出在 String ?
我得到的错误代码如下：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 250, in run_nodebug
File "C:\Users\ThinkPad\Documents\Projekt2k18\No Escape ! V1.8.py", line 122, in <module>
stylo = Stylo()
File "C:\Users\ThinkPad\Documents\Projekt2k18\No Escape ! V1.8.py", line 5, in __init__
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 3816, in __init__
visible=visible)
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2557, in __init__
self._update()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2660, in _update
self._update_data()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 2646, in _update_data
self.screen._incrementudc()
File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\turtle.py", line 1292, in _incrementudc
raise Terminator
turtle.Terminator
这是我的代码：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
class Stylo(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
self.color("white")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
class Joueur(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
Turtle.__init__(self, "face.gif")
self.color("blue")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
def haut(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() + 24
self.shape("back.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def bas(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() - 24
self.shape("face.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def gauche(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor() - 24
move_to_y = self.ycor()
self.shape("left.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def droite(self):
move_to_x = self.xcor() + 24
move_to_y = self.ycor()
self.shape("right.gif")
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
self.goto(move_to_x, move_to_y)
scorefn()
def collision(self, other):
return self.distance(other) < 5
class Tresor(Turtle):
def __init__(self, x, y):
Turtle.__init__(self, "tresor.gif")
self.penup()
self.speed('fastest')
self.goto(x, y)
def destruction(self):
self.hideturtle()
self.goto(2000, 2000)
class Forme(object):
def __init__(self, length, width, color, sides):
self.length = length
self.width = width
self.color = color
self.sides = sides
def draw(self):
t = turtle.Pen()
boucle=True
while boucle: #Boucle menu
a=int(input("Choisissez la figure à réaliser avec Turtle :\n1. Jouer \n2. Leaderboard \n0. Sortir"))
if a==1:
fn = Screen()
fn.bgcolor("black")
fn.title("No Escape!")
fn.setup(700, 700)
IMAGES = ["right.gif", "left.gif", "face.gif", "back.gif", "tresor.gif", "mur.gif", "sol.gif"]
for image in IMAGES:
# On ajoute l'image a notre labyrinthe.
fn.addshape(image)
POLICE1 = ('Arial', 24, 'bold')
POLICE2 = ('Arial', 50, 'bold')
NIVEAUX = [[
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XJ X X X",
"X X XXX X XXXXXXX X",
"X X TX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X XXXXXXX X",
"XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXX X XT X X X",
"X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX X",
"X X X X X X X",
"X X XT X X X X XTX",
"X X XXXX X X XXXXXX X XXX",
"X X X X X TX X X",
"X XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"X X X X",
"XXXXXXXX XTX X X XXX X",
"X X X XXX X X XT X",
"X XXX X X X X XXXXX",
"X XXT X X XXXXXXX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X",
"X XXXXXXXXXX X X",
"XXXXX XXXXX X",
"X X X X XX XXXXX",
"X XXXXXXXX X XXX X XX",
"X TX X XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"]]
#fn.tracer(False) # On enleve les mises a jour de l'ecran.
stylo = Stylo()
joueur = Joueur()
tresors = []
murs = []
setup_labyrinthe(NIVEAUX[0])
def setup_labyrinthe(niveau):
for y in range(len(niveau)):
for x in range(len(niveau[y])):
caractere = niveau[y][x]
ecran_x = -288 + (x * 24)
ecran_y = 288 - (y * 24)
if caractere == "X":
stylo.goto(ecran_x, ecran_y)
stylo.stamp()
murs.append((ecran_x, ecran_y))
elif caractere == "J":
joueur.goto(ecran_x, ecran_y)
elif caractere == "T":
tresors.append(Tresor(ecran_x, ecran_y))
def scorefn():
global score
for tresor in tresors:
if joueur.collision(tresor):
tresor.destruction()
tresors.remove(tresor)
score += 100
marker.undo()
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
if score == 1000 :
marker.goto(-150, 0)
marker.write("You Win !", font=POLICE2)
fn.onkeypress(joueur.gauche, "Left")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.droite, "Right")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.haut, "Up")
fn.onkeypress(joueur.bas, "Down")
fn.onkey(fn.bye, "Escape")
fn.listen()
score = 0
marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.color('gray')
marker.goto(-275, 305)
marker.write("No Escape !", font=POLICE1)
marker.goto(240, 305)
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
fn.tracer(True) # On remet les mises a jour de l'ecran
fn.mainloop()
if a==0:
boucle=False
有人能告诉我为什么会遇到这个问题并帮我解决吗？
非常感谢，
最大
我看到的其中一个是 if score == 1000 : 并且 space 不应该在 1000 和 :
之间P.S。我是stack overflow的菜鸟，那怎么让一段代码显示这里是一段代码呢？
我在您的代码中看到的主要问题是这个整体 while 控制结构将不起作用：
boucle = True
while boucle: # Boucle menu
a = int(input("Choisissez la figure à réaliser avec Turtle :\n1. Jouer \n2. Leaderboard \n0. Sortir"))
if a == 1:
fn = Screen()
...
fn.mainloop()
if a == 2:
pass # implement leaderboard
if a == 0:
boucle = False
一旦你在选项 1 下调用 mainloop()，你将控制权交给 tkinter 和 if/when 它 returns，乌龟世界的状态可能不会重新 运行启用。
我建议您考虑将此 turtle 程序嵌入到 tkinter window 层次结构中，以允许您将排行榜作为单独的 tkinter window 弹出。另外，再次播放的选项应该是事件循环中的 button-like 事件，而不是向控制台提问。
其他几个问题：
而不是：
Turtle.__init__(self, "mur.gif")
考虑：
super().__init__("mur.gif")
这个重复的逻辑：
move_to_x = self.xcor()
move_to_y = self.ycor() + 24
if (move_to_x, move_to_y) not in murs:
...
注定最终会失败。海龟在浮点平面上游荡，假设平等并不总是像你期望的那样工作。将您从海龟返回的位置值强制转换为 int() 会有所帮助。
I have removed the while loop as you mentionned but I still can't work out why my program won't run
下面是我为我播放的你的程序的修改。我用海龟形状和标题替换了图像，这样 SO 上的任何人都可以播放它。我尽可能地简化了代码并重新设计了它的样式：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
POLICE1 = ('Arial', 24, 'bold')
POLICE2 = ('Arial', 50, 'bold')
NIVEAUX = [[
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XJ X X X",
"X X XXX X XXXXXXX X",
"X X TX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X XXXXXXX X",
"XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXX X XT X X X",
"X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX X",
"X X X X X X X",
"X X XT X X X X XTX",
"X X XXXX X X XXXXXX X XXX",
"X X X X X TX X X",
"X XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"X X X X",
"XXXXXXXX XTX X X XXX X",
"X X X XXX X X XT X",
"X XXX X X X X XXXXX",
"X XXT X X XXXXXXX X X X",
"X XXXXX X X",
"X XXXXXXXXXX X X",
"XXXXX XXXXX X",
"X X X X XX XXXXX",
"X XXXXXXXX X XXX X XX",
"X TX X XT X X X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"]]
class Stylo(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("square")
self.speed('fastest')
self.color("white")
self.penup()
class Joueur(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("turtle")
self.speed('fastest')
self.color("green")
self.penup()
def haut(self):
self.setheading(90)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x), int(y) + 24)
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def bas(self):
self.setheading(270)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x), int(y) - 24)
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def gauche(self):
self.setheading(180)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x) - 24, int(y))
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def droite(self):
self.setheading(0)
x, y = self.position()
move_to = (int(x) + 24, int(y))
if move_to not in murs:
self.goto(move_to)
scorefn()
def collision(self, other):
return self.distance(other) < 5
class Tresor(Turtle):
def __init__(self, position):
super().__init__("triangle")
self.setheading(90) # make look like pile of gold
self.color("gold")
self.penup()
self.goto(position)
tresors.append(self)
def destruction(self):
tresors.remove(self)
self.hideturtle()
def setup_labyrinthe(niveau):
screen.tracer(False)
for y in range(len(niveau)):
for x in range(len(niveau[y])):
caractere = niveau[y][x]
ecran = ((x * 24) - 288, 288 - (y * 24))
if caractere == "X":
stylo.goto(ecran)
stylo.stamp()
murs.append(ecran)
elif caractere == "J":
joueur.goto(ecran)
elif caractere == "T":
Tresor(ecran)
screen.tracer(True)
def scorefn():
global score
for tresor in tresors:
if joueur.collision(tresor):
tresor.destruction()
score += 100
marker.undo()
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
if score >= 1000:
marker.goto(-150, 0)
marker.color('red')
marker.write("You Win!", font=POLICE2)
# disable movements but leave Escape/exit active
for direction in ["Left", "Right", "Up", "Down"]:
screen.onkeypress(None, direction)
screen = Screen()
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.title("No Escape!")
screen.setup(700, 700)
tresors = []
murs = []
stylo = Stylo()
joueur = Joueur()
setup_labyrinthe(NIVEAUX[0])
score = 0
marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.color('gray')
marker.goto(-275, 305)
marker.write("No Escape!", font=POLICE1)
marker.goto(240, 305)
marker.write(score, font=POLICE1)
screen.onkeypress(joueur.gauche, "Left")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.droite, "Right")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.haut, "Up")
screen.onkeypress(joueur.bas, "Down")
screen.onkey(screen.bye, "Escape")
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()
如果这仍然不适合您 运行，您可能会寻找外部 为什么您的程序不 运行 的原因。 （例如，您是否将其中一个文件命名为 Python 库模块；您的任何 Unicode 文本（字符串或文件名）是否令人困惑 Python；您是否 运行 正在使用一个标准Python 的版本；你有 turtle.py 的标准版本吗？等等）
