在 Postgres 中使用自引用外键删除

Deleting with self-referential foreign key in Postgres

带有自引用外键的table:

CREATE TABLE tree (  
    id INTEGER,
    parent_id INTEGER,
    PRIMARY KEY (id)  
);

ALTER TABLE tree 
   ADD CONSTRAINT fk_tree
   FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) 
   REFERENCES tree(id);

INSERT INTO tree (id, parent_id)
VALUES (1, null),
       (2, 1),
       (3, 1),
       (4, 2),
       (5, null),
       (6, 5);

我希望通过递归遍历树来删除一个分支,因为我可能不会使用 ON DELETE CASCADE

WITH RECURSIVE branch (id, parent_id) AS (
      SELECT id, parent_id
      FROM tree
      WHERE id = 1 -- Delete branch with root id = 1

      UNION ALL SELECT c.id, c.parent_id
      FROM tree c -- child
      JOIN branch p -- parent
            ON c.parent_id = p.id
)
DELETE FROM tree t
USING branch b
WHERE t.id = b.id;

在 Postgres 中使用常见的 table 表达式是否安全,或者我是否需要担心删除记录的顺序? Postgres 会将所有行作为一组删除,还是逐行删除?

如果答案取决于版本,从哪个版本删除是安全的?

不,您不必担心 select 中的顺序。

外键(与唯一约束不同)是按每个语句计算的,而不是按行计算的。一个普通的 table 表达式仍然是一个 单个 语句,即使其中有多个 SELECT 和 DELETE。

因此,如果语句完成时所有约束仍然有效,则一切正常。


您可以通过以下简单测试轻松看出这一点:

CREATE TABLE fk_test
(
  id          integer PRIMARY KEY,
  parent_id   integer,
  FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES fk_test (id)
);

INSERT INTO fk_test (id, parent_id) 
VALUES 
  (1, null),
  (2, 1),
  (3, 2),
  (4, 1);

所以以下显然有效,即使在 "wrong" 顺序中指定了 ID:

DELETE FROM fk_test
WHERE id IN (1,2,3,4);

以下有效 - 表明 CTE 仍然是单个语句:

with c1 as (
  delete from fk_test where id = 1
), c2 as (
  delete from fk_test where id = 2
), c3 as (
  delete from fk_test where id = 3
)
delete from fk_test where id = 4;