函数指针的比较是否合法

Is comparison of function-pointers legal

我想知道比较(不仅是 ==!=)函数指针是否合法,如果两个函数具有相同的类型或转换为 void*

这里有一些示例代码:

    #include <iostream>
    struct A { static void f(){} };
    struct B { static void f(){} };
    int main()
    {
        std::cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(&A::f) << '\n';
        std::cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(&B::f) << '\n';
        std::cout << (&A::f < &B::f) << '\n';
    }

GCC (http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/c03b2d2dc528c197) and Clang (http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/3330f8e0b88cc523) 似乎没问题。

有人可以指出标准中的正确段落吗?

谢谢!

您的示例可能无法编译。如果确实编译,则不能保证按预期工作。但在实践中,它可能会。

从 C++11 开始,函数指针到对象指针的转换是有条件地支持实现定义的结果。有条件支持意味着实现可以选择是否要支持它。如果他们不这样做,他们可能只会发出一条错误消息。

对于支持它的实现,很少能保证转换的结果:所说的只是如果它被支持,您可以将它转换回来并获得原始值。这并不意味着相等或关系比较的结果。

[expr.reinterpret.cast]p8:

8 Converting a function pointer to an object pointer type or vice versa is conditionally-supported. The meaning of such a conversion is implementation-defined, except that if an implementation supports conversions in both directions, converting a prvalue of one type to the other type and back, possibly with different cv-qualification, shall yield the original pointer value.

对于==!=有意义的比较,直接比较即可。

[expr.eq]p3:

[...]

(3.2) Otherwise, if the pointers are both null, both point to the same function, or both represent the same address, they compare equal.
(3.3) Otherwise, the pointers compare unequal.

至于 << 的常用规则使您的比较与 int i, j; &i < &j;:

一样毫无意义

[expr.rel]p4:

4 The result of comparing unequal pointers to objects86 is defined in terms of a partial order consistent with the following rules:

[...]

(4.3) Otherwise, neither pointer is required to compare greater than the other.