为什么 nginx "location = /" 规则不起作用？

Question

我想使用 'location = /' 规则为“/”请求定义一个完全匹配，并指定 'index.html' 作为该请求的响应。但为什么我的设置不起作用？

我定义了两个位置如下（已更新：我也在底部post我的nginx.conf的全部内容。）：

location = / {
    root  /opt/www/static/;
    index index.html;
}
location / {
    root /opt/www/resource/;
}

而我的“/opt/www”目录中的文件如下。（# The content is:后面的注释描述了其中的文件内容。）

/opt/www
    ├── resource
    │   ├── hello.html     # The content is: The hello.html from /resource
    │   └── index.html     # The content is: The index.html from /resource
    └── static
        └── index.html     # The content is: The index.html from /static

但是当我访问以下网址时，输出是：

http://localhost or http://localhost/ - 响应是：The index.html from /resource.
http://localhost/index.html - 响应为：The index.html from /resource.
http://localhost/hello.html - 响应是：The hello.html from /resource.

我认为#2 和#3 的结果是正确的，但是对于#1，为什么它 returns 而 resource/index.html 作为响应而不是 static/index.html？因为我认为，根据 location 的定义，响应应该来自 static/index.html 文件。

using the “=” modifier it is possible to define an exact match of URI and location. If an exact match is found, the search terminates. For example, if a “/” request happens frequently, defining “location = /” will speed up the processing of these requests, as search terminates right after the first comparison.

另一个问题是，如何更改我的 conf 文件以使用精确匹配将 static/index.html 指定为 http://localhost or http://localhost/ 的响应？

已更新

我在使用 error_log logs/error.log debug; 打开 nginx 调试日志后找到了窍门。根据日志，对于#1，请求与第一条规则 location = / 完全匹配，并且 /opt/www/static/index.html 已打开。但是后来，请求被内部重定向到/index.html，然后匹配第二个规则，结果使用了/opt/www/resource/index.html。

但我的问题是，为什么在确切规则（第一个）已经匹配并且找到 /opt/www/static/index.html 时将请求重定向到 /index.html？我可以通过一些配置或其他指令停止内部重定向吗？

nginx的日志是（我的nginx版本是1.4.6）：

2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http process request line
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http uri: "/"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http args: ""
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http exten: ""
*** omit some logs to process request header and others ***
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 event timer del: 3: 1430452846698
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 0
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 rewrite phase: 1
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 test location: "/"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 using configuration "=/"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http cl:-1 max:1048576
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 rewrite phase: 3
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 post rewrite phase: 4
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 5
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 6
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 7
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 access phase: 8
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 access phase: 9
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 post access phase: 10
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 11
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 open index "/opt/www/static/index.html"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 internal redirect: "/index.html?"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 rewrite phase: 1
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 test location: "/"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 using configuration "/"
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http cl:-1 max:1048576
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 rewrite phase: 3
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 post rewrite phase: 4
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 5
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 6
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 generic phase: 7
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 access phase: 8
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 access phase: 9
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 post access phase: 10
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 11
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 12
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 13
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 14
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 content phase: 15
2015/05/01 11:59:46 [debug] 112241#0: *1 http filename: "/opt/www/resource/index.html"

再次更新到post我nginx.conf.

的全部内容

worker_processes  1;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log debug;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location = / {
            root  /opt/www/static/;
            index index.html;
        }
       location / {
            root /opt/www/resource/;
       }
    }
}

Answer 1

经过一些研究 google，我找到了自己解决这个问题的方法 :-)。使用 try_files 指令替换 index 指令，当找到 static/index.html 时它不会触发内部重定向。最终定义为：

location = / {
    root  /opt/www/static/;
    #index index.html;
    try_files /index.html =404;
}
location / {
    root /opt/www/resource/;
}

为什么 nginx "location = /" 规则不起作用？

Why is nginx "location = /" rule not work?

nginx