在另一个函数中使用其值在一个函数中赋值的生成变量
Using generated variable whose value was assigned in one function in another function
新手python业余爱好者，第一次发题如果问题结构不规范请见谅
完整代码，如果您了解我想要实现的目标，请跳过介绍，并跳过前四个函数（如果您想执行完整代码，请提供它们）你这边）：
import os, random
modes = ['Addition', 'Subtraction', 'Multiplication', 'Division']
global very_beginning, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds, Round, correct, total_time
def mode_addition():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " + ", num2)
return num1 + num2
def mode_subtraction():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
while num1 <= num2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " - ", num2)
return num1 - num2
def mode_multiplication():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " X ", num2)
return num1 * num2
def mode_division():
num2, num3 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
num1 = num2 * num3
print(num1, " ÷ ", num2)
return num3
def mode_var_names(mode):
return "mode_" + mode.lower() + "()", "c_" + mode.lower()[0:3], mode.lower()[0:3] + "_rounds"
def mental_math():
print("Mental math game: ")
global Round, correct, total_time, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds
Round, total_time = 1, 0
correct, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds = int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int()
while Round <= 20:
print('Round ' + str(Round), end=":\n\n")
roundmode = random.choice(modes)
mode_info = mode_var_names(roundmode)
print("This round will be about:", roundmode)
correct_answer = eval(mode_info[0])
exec(mode_info[2] + " += 1")
print("The answer is: ", end='')
roundanswer = int(input())
if roundanswer == correct_answer:
print("The answer {} is correct.".format(roundanswer))
correct += 1
exec(mode_info[1] + " += 1")
else:
print("The answer {} is incorrect. The answer should be: {}".format(roundanswer, correct_answer))
print("You got {} out of {} questions correct".format(correct, Round))
user = input("Press enter to continue, or type 'stop' to end this quiz\n")
if user == 'stop' or Round == 20:
result_page()
break
Round += 1
def result_page():
mark = round(correct / Round * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(Round))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
print("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this windows or press Enter")
user = input()
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i, "You got ", eval(mode_var_names(i)[1]), "correct answers out of ",
eval(mode_var_names(i)[2]))
mental_math()
简介:
我正在整理一个心算游戏作为编码练习。它从字符串列表中随机选择模式：['Addition'、'Subtraction'、'Multiplication' 和 'Division']，使用它的名称调用创建问题的相应函数（例如，如果它选择加法，它会调用一个名为 mode_addition) 的函数，并跟踪每个模式的正确答案在每个模式总数中的数量，作为使用预定模板当场生成的变量（例如如果它选择加法，它将创建 2 个变量，分别称为 c_add（存储正确答案）和 add_rounds（存储涉及加法的总数 rounds/questions），如下所示：
modes = ['Addition', 'Subtraction', 'Multiplication', 'Division']
def mode_var_names(mode):
return "mode_" + mode.lower() + "()", "c_" + mode.lower()[0:3], mode.lower()[0:3] + "_rounds"
roundmode = random.choice(modes)
mode_info = mode_var_names(roundmode)
the return keyword returns a string containing the variable name which
is then incremented through exec function
ex: exec(mode_info[1] + " += 1") increments the c_add if mode is
addition
我将应用程序分解为 2 个主要功能，主要功能称为 mental_math（包含上述代码并生成变量），另一个称为 results_page（我调用一次在口译员处输入 'stop' 或解决 20 个问题）以显示我正确答对了每种模式的百分比和多少问题。
现在的问题:
我试图通过以下代码获取在 mental_math 处生成的变量以在 results_page 处打印它们的值：
for i in modes:
print("In", i, "You got ", eval(mode_var_names(i)[1]), "correct answers out of ",
eval(mode_var_names(i)[2]))
以及整轮的正确和总分return0:
In Addition You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Subtraction You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Multiplication You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Division You got 0 correct answers out of 0
，而百分比 "mark = round(correct / Round * 100)" 是正确的。当我将打印循环复制回 mental_math 时，我得到了正确的数字（但我仍然想知道为什么原始状态不起作用）
到目前为止我尝试了什么
抛出的全局关键字是尝试获取 results_page 以获取模式变量的失败尝试（但为 Round 和 correct 变量做这项工作），我无法通过 eval()用于直接为全局生成变量名称的代码，我想过使用 return 方法但不知道如何在这种情况下使用它（并且宁愿只使生成的变量可访问）
我也尝试将它们组合在一起作为 class 希望所有变量都可以被其他函数或实例访问但是失败了，因为我才刚刚开始学习 OOP
更新与解决方案:
有（至少）2 个修复，Jason Nick Porter 的答案，并将 2 个函数添加到相同的 class
注意：我最终对此进行了大量编辑，因此随着您的进行它会变得越来越正确 :)
我将从放弃顶部的全局变量开始。全局变量是善变的情妇，我会不惜一切代价避免这种情妇。这是在 mental_math() fcn 中使用数组的好地方。在您当前拥有的函数内：
global Round, correct, total_time, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds
Round, total_time = 1, 0
correct, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds = int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int()
我只想说：
level, total_time = [1,0] # I put level instead of Round, since round is a keyword and could be confusing
correct = [0,0,0,0] # the index here corresponds to the mode
asked = [0,0,0,0] # numpy.zeros would be an even more robust way to do this
这样每个变量都存在于函数内部，然后在mental_math()的末尾有这样的东西：
if user == 'stop' or level == 20:
stats = [level, correct, total_time ] # and all the rest...
result_page(stats)
break
然后您拥有的所有统计数据都会传递给 results_page()。现在您需要将模式转换为元组而不是程序顶部的字符串。元组基本上是最好的，因为你可以 link 将不同类型的变量放在一起，像这样：
modes = [('Addition' , 3 , 7), # These numbers correspond to where the correct
('Subtraction' , 4 , 8), # and total numbers will be located in the stats
('Multiplication' , 5 , 9), # array.
('Division' , 6 , 10)] # The spacing just makes it easier to see
现在您必须调整 results_page() 才能接收数组。然后，您可以通过索引访问所有值，而不是每个变量名。像这样：
def result_page(stats):
mark = round(correct / stats[0] * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(stats[0]))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
user = input("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this window or press Enter")
# Fun-fact: If you pass a string to input() it prints it as a prompt
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i[0], " you got ", stats[i[1]], " correct answers out of ",
stats[i[2]])
那你甚至不需要mode_var_names()。
编辑：
好的，我没有意识到我的代码存在一些问题，所以上面的一些问题不是很好。我把它留在那里以防它有帮助。
下面的代码已更新，您可以根据需要添加任意数量的模式。问题是我没仔细看mental_math()，所以没发现它还在调用mode_var_names()。现在，它不再执行带有变量字符串的函数，而是将一个 int 传递给单个函数，并使用相同的 int 来决定在“正确”和“要求”数组中更新哪些数字。
import os
import random
import numpy as np
modes = [('Addition' , 3 , 7), # These numbers correspond to where the correct
('Subtraction' , 4 , 8), # and total numbers will be located in the stats
('Multiplication' , 5 , 9), # array.
('Division' , 6 , 10)] # The spacing just makes it easier to see
def process(mode):
# if you have more modes you want to add, just add more elif statements
if mode == 0:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " + ", num2)
return num1 + num2
elif mode == 1:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
while num1 <= num2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " - ", num2)
return num1 - num2
elif mode == 2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " X ", num2)
return num1 * num2
elif mode == 3:
num2, num3 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
num1 = num2 * num3
print(num1, " ÷ ", num2)
return num3
def mental_math():
print("Mental math game: ")
level, total_time = 0,0 # I put level instead of level, since level is a keyword and could be confusing
correct = np.zeros(len(modes)) # the index here corresponds to the mode
asked = np.zeros(len(modes))
while level <= 20:
level += 1
print('Round ' + str(level), end=":\n\n")
m = random.choice(range(len(modes)))
print("This level will be about:", modes[m][0])
correct_answer = process(m)
asked[m] += 1
levelanswer = int(input("The answer is: "))
if levelanswer == correct_answer:
print("The answer {} is correct.".format(levelanswer))
correct[m] += 1
else:
print("The answer {} is incorrect. The answer should be: {}".format(levelanswer, correct_answer))
print("You got {} out of {} questions correct".format(sum(correct), level))
user = input("Press enter to continue, or type 'stop' to end this quiz\n")
if user == 'stop' or level == 20:
stats = np.hstack((level,sum(correct),total_time,correct,asked))
result_page(stats)
break
def result_page(stats):
mark = round(stats[1] / stats[0] * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(stats[0]))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
user = input("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this window or press Enter\n")
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i[0], " you got ", stats[i[1]], " correct answers out of ",
stats[i[2]])
mental_math()
新手python业余爱好者，第一次发题如果问题结构不规范请见谅
完整代码，如果您了解我想要实现的目标，请跳过介绍，并跳过前四个函数（如果您想执行完整代码，请提供它们）你这边）：
import os, random
modes = ['Addition', 'Subtraction', 'Multiplication', 'Division']
global very_beginning, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds, Round, correct, total_time
def mode_addition():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " + ", num2)
return num1 + num2
def mode_subtraction():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
while num1 <= num2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " - ", num2)
return num1 - num2
def mode_multiplication():
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " X ", num2)
return num1 * num2
def mode_division():
num2, num3 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
num1 = num2 * num3
print(num1, " ÷ ", num2)
return num3
def mode_var_names(mode):
return "mode_" + mode.lower() + "()", "c_" + mode.lower()[0:3], mode.lower()[0:3] + "_rounds"
def mental_math():
print("Mental math game: ")
global Round, correct, total_time, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds
Round, total_time = 1, 0
correct, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds = int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int()
while Round <= 20:
print('Round ' + str(Round), end=":\n\n")
roundmode = random.choice(modes)
mode_info = mode_var_names(roundmode)
print("This round will be about:", roundmode)
correct_answer = eval(mode_info[0])
exec(mode_info[2] + " += 1")
print("The answer is: ", end='')
roundanswer = int(input())
if roundanswer == correct_answer:
print("The answer {} is correct.".format(roundanswer))
correct += 1
exec(mode_info[1] + " += 1")
else:
print("The answer {} is incorrect. The answer should be: {}".format(roundanswer, correct_answer))
print("You got {} out of {} questions correct".format(correct, Round))
user = input("Press enter to continue, or type 'stop' to end this quiz\n")
if user == 'stop' or Round == 20:
result_page()
break
Round += 1
def result_page():
mark = round(correct / Round * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(Round))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
print("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this windows or press Enter")
user = input()
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i, "You got ", eval(mode_var_names(i)[1]), "correct answers out of ",
eval(mode_var_names(i)[2]))
mental_math()
简介:
我正在整理一个心算游戏作为编码练习。它从字符串列表中随机选择模式：['Addition'、'Subtraction'、'Multiplication' 和 'Division']，使用它的名称调用创建问题的相应函数（例如，如果它选择加法，它会调用一个名为 mode_addition) 的函数，并跟踪每个模式的正确答案在每个模式总数中的数量，作为使用预定模板当场生成的变量（例如如果它选择加法，它将创建 2 个变量，分别称为 c_add（存储正确答案）和 add_rounds（存储涉及加法的总数 rounds/questions），如下所示：
modes = ['Addition', 'Subtraction', 'Multiplication', 'Division']
def mode_var_names(mode):
return "mode_" + mode.lower() + "()", "c_" + mode.lower()[0:3], mode.lower()[0:3] + "_rounds"
roundmode = random.choice(modes)
mode_info = mode_var_names(roundmode)
the return keyword returns a string containing the variable name which is then incremented through exec function
ex: exec(mode_info[1] + " += 1") increments the c_add if mode is addition
我将应用程序分解为 2 个主要功能，主要功能称为 mental_math（包含上述代码并生成变量），另一个称为 results_page（我调用一次在口译员处输入 'stop' 或解决 20 个问题）以显示我正确答对了每种模式的百分比和多少问题。
现在的问题:
我试图通过以下代码获取在 mental_math 处生成的变量以在 results_page 处打印它们的值：
for i in modes:
print("In", i, "You got ", eval(mode_var_names(i)[1]), "correct answers out of ",
eval(mode_var_names(i)[2]))
以及整轮的正确和总分return0:
In Addition You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Subtraction You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Multiplication You got 0 correct answers out of 0
In Division You got 0 correct answers out of 0
，而百分比 "mark = round(correct / Round * 100)" 是正确的。当我将打印循环复制回 mental_math 时，我得到了正确的数字（但我仍然想知道为什么原始状态不起作用）
到目前为止我尝试了什么
抛出的全局关键字是尝试获取 results_page 以获取模式变量的失败尝试（但为 Round 和 correct 变量做这项工作），我无法通过 eval()用于直接为全局生成变量名称的代码，我想过使用 return 方法但不知道如何在这种情况下使用它（并且宁愿只使生成的变量可访问）
我也尝试将它们组合在一起作为 class 希望所有变量都可以被其他函数或实例访问但是失败了，因为我才刚刚开始学习 OOP
更新与解决方案:
有（至少）2 个修复，Jason Nick Porter 的答案，并将 2 个函数添加到相同的 class
注意：我最终对此进行了大量编辑，因此随着您的进行它会变得越来越正确 :)
我将从放弃顶部的全局变量开始。全局变量是善变的情妇，我会不惜一切代价避免这种情妇。这是在 mental_math() fcn 中使用数组的好地方。在您当前拥有的函数内：
global Round, correct, total_time, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds
Round, total_time = 1, 0
correct, c_add, c_sub, c_mul, c_div, add_rounds, sub_rounds, mul_rounds, div_rounds = int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int(), int()
我只想说：
level, total_time = [1,0] # I put level instead of Round, since round is a keyword and could be confusing
correct = [0,0,0,0] # the index here corresponds to the mode
asked = [0,0,0,0] # numpy.zeros would be an even more robust way to do this
这样每个变量都存在于函数内部，然后在mental_math()的末尾有这样的东西：
if user == 'stop' or level == 20:
stats = [level, correct, total_time ] # and all the rest...
result_page(stats)
break
然后您拥有的所有统计数据都会传递给 results_page()。现在您需要将模式转换为元组而不是程序顶部的字符串。元组基本上是最好的，因为你可以 link 将不同类型的变量放在一起，像这样：
modes = [('Addition' , 3 , 7), # These numbers correspond to where the correct
('Subtraction' , 4 , 8), # and total numbers will be located in the stats
('Multiplication' , 5 , 9), # array.
('Division' , 6 , 10)] # The spacing just makes it easier to see
现在您必须调整 results_page() 才能接收数组。然后，您可以通过索引访问所有值，而不是每个变量名。像这样：
def result_page(stats):
mark = round(correct / stats[0] * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(stats[0]))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
user = input("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this window or press Enter")
# Fun-fact: If you pass a string to input() it prints it as a prompt
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i[0], " you got ", stats[i[1]], " correct answers out of ",
stats[i[2]])
那你甚至不需要mode_var_names()。
编辑：
好的，我没有意识到我的代码存在一些问题，所以上面的一些问题不是很好。我把它留在那里以防它有帮助。
下面的代码已更新，您可以根据需要添加任意数量的模式。问题是我没仔细看mental_math()，所以没发现它还在调用mode_var_names()。现在，它不再执行带有变量字符串的函数，而是将一个 int 传递给单个函数，并使用相同的 int 来决定在“正确”和“要求”数组中更新哪些数字。
import os
import random
import numpy as np
modes = [('Addition' , 3 , 7), # These numbers correspond to where the correct
('Subtraction' , 4 , 8), # and total numbers will be located in the stats
('Multiplication' , 5 , 9), # array.
('Division' , 6 , 10)] # The spacing just makes it easier to see
def process(mode):
# if you have more modes you want to add, just add more elif statements
if mode == 0:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " + ", num2)
return num1 + num2
elif mode == 1:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
while num1 <= num2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " - ", num2)
return num1 - num2
elif mode == 2:
num1, num2 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
print(num1, " X ", num2)
return num1 * num2
elif mode == 3:
num2, num3 = random.randrange(1, 10), random.randrange(1, 10)
num1 = num2 * num3
print(num1, " ÷ ", num2)
return num3
def mental_math():
print("Mental math game: ")
level, total_time = 0,0 # I put level instead of level, since level is a keyword and could be confusing
correct = np.zeros(len(modes)) # the index here corresponds to the mode
asked = np.zeros(len(modes))
while level <= 20:
level += 1
print('Round ' + str(level), end=":\n\n")
m = random.choice(range(len(modes)))
print("This level will be about:", modes[m][0])
correct_answer = process(m)
asked[m] += 1
levelanswer = int(input("The answer is: "))
if levelanswer == correct_answer:
print("The answer {} is correct.".format(levelanswer))
correct[m] += 1
else:
print("The answer {} is incorrect. The answer should be: {}".format(levelanswer, correct_answer))
print("You got {} out of {} questions correct".format(sum(correct), level))
user = input("Press enter to continue, or type 'stop' to end this quiz\n")
if user == 'stop' or level == 20:
stats = np.hstack((level,sum(correct),total_time,correct,asked))
result_page(stats)
break
def result_page(stats):
mark = round(stats[1] / stats[0] * 100)
os.system('cls')
print("Mental math game")
print('FIN\n\n')
print("You solved {} questions".format(stats[0]))
print("You got {}% of the questions correct.".format(mark))
print("If you want detailed results type 'details'")
user = input("If you want to continue, type 'again', else just close this window or press Enter\n")
if user == "details":
for i in modes:
print("In", i[0], " you got ", stats[i[1]], " correct answers out of ",
stats[i[2]])
mental_math()