python 装饰器类型错误缺少 1 个必需的位置参数

python decorator TypeError missing 1 required positional argument

我正在尝试编写一个装饰器来重复错误函数 N 次,中间的休眠时间越来越长。这是我目前的尝试:

def exponential_backoff(seconds=10, attempts=10):
    def our_decorator(func):
        def function_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for s in range(0, seconds*attempts, attempts):
                sleep(s)
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
        return function_wrapper
    return our_decorator

@exponential_backoff
def test():    
    for a in range(100):
        if a - random.randint(0,1) == 0:
            print('success count: {}'.format(a))
            pass
        else:
            print('error count {}'.format(a))
            'a' + 1

test()

我一直收到错误消息:

TypeError: our_decorator() missing 1 required positional argument: 'func'

您应该使用:

@exponential_backoff()
def test():
    ...

整体装饰器没有设计参数可选,所以使用时必须提供()

如果想要有关如何使装饰器允许参数列表可选的示例,请参阅:

您也可以考虑使用 wrapt 包来使您的装饰器更简单、更健壮。

要么你寻求@Graham Dumpleton 提供的解决方案,要么你可以像这样修改你的装饰器:

from functools import wraps, partial

def exponential_backoff(func=None, seconds=10, attempts=10):
    if func is None:
        return partial(exponential_backoff, seconds=seconds, attempts=attempts)

    @wraps(func)
    def function_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        for s in range(0, seconds*attempts, attempts):
            sleep(s)
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
    return function_wrapper

@exponential_backoff
def test():    
    for a in range(100):
        if a - random.randint(0,1) == 0:
            print('success count: {}'.format(a))
            pass
        else:
            print('error count {}'.format(a))
            'a' + 1

test()

编辑 我的回答 不完全正确,请参阅@GrahamDumpleton 的回答,其中显示了如何使我的解决方案尝试可行(即 this link)。现在修复它,谢谢@GrahamDumpleton!

了解什么是装饰器:

@exponential_backoff
def test():
    pass

等于:

def test():
    pass

test = exponential_backoff(test)

在这种情况下,testdef our_decorator(func):。这就是为什么你在调用 test().

时得到 TypeError

更进一步:

@exponential_backoff()
def test():
    pass

等于:

def test():
    pass

test = exponential_backoff()(test)

在这种情况下,现在 test 就是您所需要的。


此外,functools.wraps 可帮助您将原始函数的所有属性复制到装饰函数中。例如函数名或文档字符串:

from functools import wraps

def exponential_backoff(func):
#   @wraps(func)
    def function_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        pass
    return function_wrapper

@exponential_backoff
def test():
    pass

print(test)  # <function exponential_backoff.<locals>.function_wrapper at 0x7fcc343a4268>
# uncomment `@wraps(func)` line:
print(test)  # <function test at 0x7fcc343a4400>