Python 以编程方式更改控制台字体大小

Python Programmatically Change Console font size

我发现下面的代码应该以编程方式更改控制台字体大小。我在 Windows 10.

但是,无论我调整什么值,我似乎都无法控制字体大小,而且由于某种原因,当我 运行 这个脚本非常宽时打开的控制台。

我不知道 ctypes 是如何工作的 - 我只想从内部修改控制台字体的大小 Python。

任何实际可行的解决方案?

import ctypes

LF_FACESIZE = 32
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11

class COORD(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [("X", ctypes.c_short), ("Y", ctypes.c_short)]

class CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [("cbSize", ctypes.c_ulong),
                ("nFont", ctypes.c_ulong),
                ("dwFontSize", COORD),
                ("FontFamily", ctypes.c_uint),
                ("FontWeight", ctypes.c_uint),
                ("FaceName", ctypes.c_wchar * LF_FACESIZE)]

font = CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX()
font.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)
font.nFont = 12
font.dwFontSize.X = 11
font.dwFontSize.Y = 18
font.FontFamily = 54
font.FontWeight = 400
font.FaceName = "Lucida Console"

handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(
        handle, ctypes.c_long(False), ctypes.pointer(font))


print("Foo")

这不是一个纯粹的 python 问题,而是涵盖了 Windows API。

查看CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX structure. There is a COORD成员的文档,了解每个字符的宽度和高度。

要更改控制台字体大小,您可以为这些属性赋予适当的值:

font.dwFontSize.X = 11
font.dwFontSize.Y = 18

参考:Change console font in Windows

我想首先指出 ,它描述了大多数 CTypes 用户 运行 遇到的问题。

CTypes主页(也列在上面URL):[Python.Docs]: ctypes - A foreign function library for Python

我“稍微”更改了您的代码。

code.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys
from ctypes import POINTER, WinDLL, Structure, sizeof, byref
from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, SHORT, WCHAR, UINT, ULONG, DWORD, HANDLE


LF_FACESIZE = 32
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11


class COORD(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("X", SHORT),
        ("Y", SHORT),
    ]


class CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", ULONG),
        ("nFont", DWORD),
        ("dwFontSize", COORD),
        ("FontFamily", UINT),
        ("FontWeight", UINT),
        ("FaceName", WCHAR * LF_FACESIZE)
    ]


kernel32_dll = WinDLL("kernel32.dll")

get_last_error_func = kernel32_dll.GetLastError
get_last_error_func.argtypes = []
get_last_error_func.restype = DWORD

get_std_handle_func = kernel32_dll.GetStdHandle
get_std_handle_func.argtypes = [DWORD]
get_std_handle_func.restype = HANDLE

get_current_console_font_ex_func = kernel32_dll.GetCurrentConsoleFontEx
get_current_console_font_ex_func.argtypes = [HANDLE, BOOL, POINTER(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)]
get_current_console_font_ex_func.restype = BOOL

set_current_console_font_ex_func = kernel32_dll.SetCurrentConsoleFontEx
set_current_console_font_ex_func.argtypes = [HANDLE, BOOL, POINTER(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)]
set_current_console_font_ex_func.restype = BOOL


def main():
    # Get stdout handle
    stdout = get_std_handle_func(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
    if not stdout:
        print("{:s} error: {:d}".format(get_std_handle_func.__name__, get_last_error_func()))
        return
    # Get current font characteristics
    font = CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX()
    font.cbSize = sizeof(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)
    res = get_current_console_font_ex_func(stdout, False, byref(font))
    if not res:
        print("{:s} error: {:d}".format(get_current_console_font_ex_func.__name__, get_last_error_func()))
        return
    # Display font information
    print("Console information for {:}".format(font))
    for field_name, _ in font._fields_:
        field_data = getattr(font, field_name)
        if field_name == "dwFontSize":
            print("    {:s}: {{X: {:d}, Y: {:d}}}".format(field_name, field_data.X, field_data.Y))
        else:
            print("    {:s}: {:}".format(field_name, field_data))
    while 1:
        try:
            height = int(input("\nEnter font height (invalid to exit): "))
        except:
            break
        # Alter font height
        font.dwFontSize.X = 10  # Changing X has no effect (at least on my machine)
        font.dwFontSize.Y = height
        # Apply changes
        res = set_current_console_font_ex_func(stdout, False, byref(font))
        if not res:
            print("{:s} error: {:d}".format(set_current_console_font_ex_func.__name__, get_last_error_func()))
            return
        print("OMG! The window changed :)")
        # Get current font characteristics again and display font size
        res = get_current_console_font_ex_func(stdout, False, byref(font))
        if not res:
            print("{:s} error: {:d}".format(get_current_console_font_ex_func.__name__, get_last_error_func()))
            return
        print("\nNew sizes    X: {:d}, Y: {:d}".format(font.dwFontSize.X, font.dwFontSize.Y))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform))
    main()

备注:

  • CTypes 允许类似于 C 的低级别访问(只有语法是 Python)

  • 代码使用[MS.Docs]: SetConsoleTextAttribute function

  • ctypes.wintypes 常量(引用标准 CTypes 类型)用于(给出代码有点像 Win 的味道)

  • 它非常(几乎是痛苦的)长(也是因为我添加了适当的错误处理)

  • 另一种选择,如 [SO]: Change console font in Windows (where you copied the code from), would be to install a 3rd-party module (e.g. [GitHub]: mhammond/pywin32 - Python for Windows (pywin32) Extensions 的一个答案中所建议的,它是 Python 的包装器]WINAPIs) 这将需要更少的代码来编写,因为 PythonC 之间的桥接已经实现了,估计上面的功能几行就可以完成

  • 正如我在代码中评论的那样,设置 COORD.X 似乎被忽略了。但它会在设置 COORD.Y 时自动设置(接近 COORD.Y // 2 的值 - 可能是为了保持纵横比)。在我的机器上 (Win 10 pc064) 默认值是 16。您可能希望在最后将其设置回来,以避免让控制台处于“受挑战”状态(显然,Win 调整 cmd window 大小,与字体大小同步(有点):

对于将来想要使用控制台作为显示(黑白)图像或只是获得尽可能小的字体大小的方法的任何人,这是我使用的修改后的答案代码。我发现 2px 的高度和宽度是最好的最小尺寸,但要小心,所有尺寸都会扭曲图片,有些比其他的更严重。作为字体,我使用唯一可用的“rasterfont”。 (就个人而言,我在使它起作用时遇到了很多问题,不知道为什么...这与公认的答案不同)

def changeFontSize(size=2): #Changes the font size to *size* pixels (kind of, but not really. You'll have to try it to chack if it works for your purpose ;) )
    from ctypes import POINTER, WinDLL, Structure, sizeof, byref
    from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, SHORT, WCHAR, UINT, ULONG, DWORD, HANDLE

    LF_FACESIZE = 32
    STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11

    class COORD(Structure):
        _fields_ = [
            ("X", SHORT),
            ("Y", SHORT),
        ]

    class CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX(Structure):
        _fields_ = [
            ("cbSize", ULONG),
            ("nFont", DWORD),
            ("dwFontSize", COORD),
            ("FontFamily", UINT),
            ("FontWeight", UINT),
            ("FaceName", WCHAR * LF_FACESIZE)
        ]

    kernel32_dll = WinDLL("kernel32.dll")

    get_last_error_func = kernel32_dll.GetLastError
    get_last_error_func.argtypes = []
    get_last_error_func.restype = DWORD

    get_std_handle_func = kernel32_dll.GetStdHandle
    get_std_handle_func.argtypes = [DWORD]
    get_std_handle_func.restype = HANDLE

    get_current_console_font_ex_func = kernel32_dll.GetCurrentConsoleFontEx
    get_current_console_font_ex_func.argtypes = [HANDLE, BOOL, POINTER(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)]
    get_current_console_font_ex_func.restype = BOOL

    set_current_console_font_ex_func = kernel32_dll.SetCurrentConsoleFontEx
    set_current_console_font_ex_func.argtypes = [HANDLE, BOOL, POINTER(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)]
    set_current_console_font_ex_func.restype = BOOL

    stdout = get_std_handle_func(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
    font = CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX()
    font.cbSize = sizeof(CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX)

    font.dwFontSize.X = size
    font.dwFontSize.Y = size

    set_current_console_font_ex_func(stdout, False, byref(font))