Python 乌龟 Space 入侵者的子弹没有击中入侵者
Python Turtle Space Invaders bullets not hitting invaders
总的来说，我对 turtle 和 python 还很陌生，所以如果我的代码看起来很乱，我深表歉意。
我目前正在编写 space 入侵者的海龟版本，但我不明白为什么我的入侵者在攻击海龟时没有死。代码似乎与我能找到的所有其他 space invader turtle 程序相同。任何帮助将不胜感激。
import turtle
import random
import math
#### Player ####
player1 = turtle.Turtle()
player1.shape("arrow")
player1.color("white")
player1.speed(0)
player1.penup()
player1.setheading(90)
player1.setposition(0, -175)
player1.speed(4)
def move_right():
x = player1.xcor()
x += playerspeed
if x > 210:
x = 210
player1.setx(x)
def move_left():
x = player1.xcor()
x -= playerspeed
if x < -210:
x = -210
player1.setx(x)
bulletlist = []
def fire():
if len(bulletlist) < 5:
bulletlist.append(Bullet())
#### Window ####
win = turtle.Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(2)
border_pen = turtle.Turtle()
border_pen.speed(0)
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pensize(3)
border_pen.pendown()
for side in range(4):
border_pen.fd(450)
border_pen.lt(90)
border_pen.hideturtle()
### Invader ###
class Invader(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
self.color("red")
self.shape("turtle")
self.penup()
self.speed(0)
self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
self.setheading(270)
self.speed(1)
self.hit = 0
### Bullet ###
bulletstate = 1
class Bullet(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self):
turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
self.color("yellow")
self.shape("arrow")
self.shapesize(.5, 1)
self.penup()
self.speed(0)
self.setheading(90)
self.hideturtle()
self.bulletspeed = 20
fire()
def bullet_movement():
global firedb
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
firedb.speed(0)
ybul = firedb.ycor()
ybul += 10
firedb.sety(ybul)
if ybul > 195:
firedb.hideturtle()
def fire_bullet():
print("fire!")
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
firedb.hideturtle()
x = player1.xcor()
y = player1.ycor() + 20
firedb.setpos(x, y)
firedb.showturtle()
if firedb.ycor() > 200:
firedb.hideturtle()
bulletlist.remove(firedb)
def bulletmake():
bulletfire = Bullet()
def bulletmechanics():
fire()
fire_bullet()
win.listen()
win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")
enemies = []
xx = -175
xxxx = -175
for invader in range(19):
if invader <= 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
xx += 30
if invader >= 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
xxxx += 30
playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 8
def isCollision(t1, t2):
distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-t2.ycor(),2))
if distance < 15:
return True
else:
return False
dead = []
while True:
global firedb
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
fire()
bullet_movement()
for Invader in enemies:
bullet_movement()
# if Invader.distance(firedb.xcor()+200, firedb.ycor()+200) < 1:
if isCollision(bulletlist[-1], Invader) == True:
print("AAAAAAAAGH")
isCollision(firedb, Invader)
Invader.hit += 1
if Invader.hit == 1:
Invader.color("orange")
if Invader.hit == 2:
Invader.color("yellow")
if Invader.hit == 3:
Invader.speed(0)
Invader.setpos(1000, 1000)
dead.append(Invader)
Invader.hideturtle()
for invader in enemies:
bullet_movement()
xpos = invader.xcor()
invader.speed(0)
xpos += enemyspeed
invader.setx(xpos)
if invader.xcor() > 200:
for invader in enemies:
ypos = invader.ycor()
ypos -= 40
invader.sety(ypos)
enemyspeed *= -1
if invader.xcor() < -200:
for invader in enemies:
y = invader.ycor()
y -= 40
invader.sety(y)
enemyspeed *= -1
我相信你的问题是你将子弹运动与入侵者运动交织在一起的方式。在你的 while True: 循环中（它不应该存在于像乌龟这样的事件驱动的世界中）你在顶层调用 bullet_movement() ，然后在 for 循环中再次在嵌套的 for循环。所以你看到子弹的位置和它相对于入侵者的位置不一定相同。
我重新编写了您的代码，并且出于示例目的，在某些地方对其进行了简化。除了上述问题，我还修改了代码以使用 turtle tilt，这非常适合这种海龟面向一个方向但向另一个方向移动的游戏。我已经完全破坏了你的 isCollision() 函数，因为海龟已经知道如何计算它们与另一只海龟的距离。
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
class Invader(Turtle):
def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
super().__init__(shape="turtle")
self.color("red")
self.penup()
self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
self.tilt(-90)
self.speed('slow')
self.hit = 0
class Bullet(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(shape="arrow", visible=False)
self.shapesize(.5, 1)
self.color("yellow")
self.penup()
self.setheading(90)
self.speed('fastest')
self.bulletspeed = 20
def move_right():
if player.xcor() + playerspeed < 210:
player.forward(playerspeed)
def move_left():
if player.xcor() - playerspeed > -210:
player.backward(playerspeed)
def bullet_movement():
firedb.forward(10)
if firedb.ycor() > 195:
firedb.hideturtle()
def fire_bullet():
if not firedb.isvisible():
x, y = player.position()
firedb.setposition(x, y + 20)
firedb.showturtle()
def isCollision(t1, t2):
return t1.distance(t2) < 20
def move():
global enemyspeed
if firedb.isvisible():
bullet_movement()
for invader in enemies:
if firedb.isvisible() and isCollision(firedb, invader):
invader.hit += 1
if invader.hit == 1:
invader.color("orange")
elif invader.hit == 2:
invader.color("yellow")
elif invader.hit == 3:
invader.hideturtle()
enemies.remove(invader)
firedb.hideturtle() # only one hit per bullet!
invader.forward(enemyspeed)
if invader.xcor() < -200 or invader.xcor() > 200:
for invader in enemies:
y = invader.ycor() - 40
invader.sety(y)
enemyspeed *= -1
win.update()
win.ontimer(move, 50)
#### Player ####
player = Turtle("arrow")
player.color("white")
player.penup()
player.tilt(90)
player.sety(-175)
player.speed('fast')
#### Window ####
win = Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(False)
border_pen = Turtle(visible=False)
border_pen.speed('fastest')
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.pensize(3)
border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pendown()
for _ in range(4):
border_pen.forward(450)
border_pen.left(90)
### Bullet ###
firedb = Bullet()
enemies = []
xx = -175
xxxx = -190
for invader_count in range(19):
if invader_count < 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
xx += 30
else:
enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
xxxx += 30
playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 2
win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")
win.listen()
move()
win.mainloop()
最后，小心经常被误解的Pythonglobal和乌龟tracer()
总的来说，我对 turtle 和 python 还很陌生，所以如果我的代码看起来很乱，我深表歉意。
我目前正在编写 space 入侵者的海龟版本，但我不明白为什么我的入侵者在攻击海龟时没有死。代码似乎与我能找到的所有其他 space invader turtle 程序相同。任何帮助将不胜感激。
import turtle
import random
import math
#### Player ####
player1 = turtle.Turtle()
player1.shape("arrow")
player1.color("white")
player1.speed(0)
player1.penup()
player1.setheading(90)
player1.setposition(0, -175)
player1.speed(4)
def move_right():
x = player1.xcor()
x += playerspeed
if x > 210:
x = 210
player1.setx(x)
def move_left():
x = player1.xcor()
x -= playerspeed
if x < -210:
x = -210
player1.setx(x)
bulletlist = []
def fire():
if len(bulletlist) < 5:
bulletlist.append(Bullet())
#### Window ####
win = turtle.Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(2)
border_pen = turtle.Turtle()
border_pen.speed(0)
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pensize(3)
border_pen.pendown()
for side in range(4):
border_pen.fd(450)
border_pen.lt(90)
border_pen.hideturtle()
### Invader ###
class Invader(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
self.color("red")
self.shape("turtle")
self.penup()
self.speed(0)
self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
self.setheading(270)
self.speed(1)
self.hit = 0
### Bullet ###
bulletstate = 1
class Bullet(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self):
turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
self.color("yellow")
self.shape("arrow")
self.shapesize(.5, 1)
self.penup()
self.speed(0)
self.setheading(90)
self.hideturtle()
self.bulletspeed = 20
fire()
def bullet_movement():
global firedb
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
firedb.speed(0)
ybul = firedb.ycor()
ybul += 10
firedb.sety(ybul)
if ybul > 195:
firedb.hideturtle()
def fire_bullet():
print("fire!")
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
firedb.hideturtle()
x = player1.xcor()
y = player1.ycor() + 20
firedb.setpos(x, y)
firedb.showturtle()
if firedb.ycor() > 200:
firedb.hideturtle()
bulletlist.remove(firedb)
def bulletmake():
bulletfire = Bullet()
def bulletmechanics():
fire()
fire_bullet()
win.listen()
win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")
enemies = []
xx = -175
xxxx = -175
for invader in range(19):
if invader <= 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
xx += 30
if invader >= 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
xxxx += 30
playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 8
def isCollision(t1, t2):
distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-t2.ycor(),2))
if distance < 15:
return True
else:
return False
dead = []
while True:
global firedb
firedb = bulletlist[-1]
fire()
bullet_movement()
for Invader in enemies:
bullet_movement()
# if Invader.distance(firedb.xcor()+200, firedb.ycor()+200) < 1:
if isCollision(bulletlist[-1], Invader) == True:
print("AAAAAAAAGH")
isCollision(firedb, Invader)
Invader.hit += 1
if Invader.hit == 1:
Invader.color("orange")
if Invader.hit == 2:
Invader.color("yellow")
if Invader.hit == 3:
Invader.speed(0)
Invader.setpos(1000, 1000)
dead.append(Invader)
Invader.hideturtle()
for invader in enemies:
bullet_movement()
xpos = invader.xcor()
invader.speed(0)
xpos += enemyspeed
invader.setx(xpos)
if invader.xcor() > 200:
for invader in enemies:
ypos = invader.ycor()
ypos -= 40
invader.sety(ypos)
enemyspeed *= -1
if invader.xcor() < -200:
for invader in enemies:
y = invader.ycor()
y -= 40
invader.sety(y)
enemyspeed *= -1
我相信你的问题是你将子弹运动与入侵者运动交织在一起的方式。在你的 while True: 循环中（它不应该存在于像乌龟这样的事件驱动的世界中）你在顶层调用 bullet_movement() ，然后在 for 循环中再次在嵌套的 for循环。所以你看到子弹的位置和它相对于入侵者的位置不一定相同。
我重新编写了您的代码，并且出于示例目的，在某些地方对其进行了简化。除了上述问题，我还修改了代码以使用 turtle tilt，这非常适合这种海龟面向一个方向但向另一个方向移动的游戏。我已经完全破坏了你的 isCollision() 函数，因为海龟已经知道如何计算它们与另一只海龟的距离。
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
class Invader(Turtle):
def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
super().__init__(shape="turtle")
self.color("red")
self.penup()
self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
self.tilt(-90)
self.speed('slow')
self.hit = 0
class Bullet(Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(shape="arrow", visible=False)
self.shapesize(.5, 1)
self.color("yellow")
self.penup()
self.setheading(90)
self.speed('fastest')
self.bulletspeed = 20
def move_right():
if player.xcor() + playerspeed < 210:
player.forward(playerspeed)
def move_left():
if player.xcor() - playerspeed > -210:
player.backward(playerspeed)
def bullet_movement():
firedb.forward(10)
if firedb.ycor() > 195:
firedb.hideturtle()
def fire_bullet():
if not firedb.isvisible():
x, y = player.position()
firedb.setposition(x, y + 20)
firedb.showturtle()
def isCollision(t1, t2):
return t1.distance(t2) < 20
def move():
global enemyspeed
if firedb.isvisible():
bullet_movement()
for invader in enemies:
if firedb.isvisible() and isCollision(firedb, invader):
invader.hit += 1
if invader.hit == 1:
invader.color("orange")
elif invader.hit == 2:
invader.color("yellow")
elif invader.hit == 3:
invader.hideturtle()
enemies.remove(invader)
firedb.hideturtle() # only one hit per bullet!
invader.forward(enemyspeed)
if invader.xcor() < -200 or invader.xcor() > 200:
for invader in enemies:
y = invader.ycor() - 40
invader.sety(y)
enemyspeed *= -1
win.update()
win.ontimer(move, 50)
#### Player ####
player = Turtle("arrow")
player.color("white")
player.penup()
player.tilt(90)
player.sety(-175)
player.speed('fast')
#### Window ####
win = Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(False)
border_pen = Turtle(visible=False)
border_pen.speed('fastest')
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.pensize(3)
border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pendown()
for _ in range(4):
border_pen.forward(450)
border_pen.left(90)
### Bullet ###
firedb = Bullet()
enemies = []
xx = -175
xxxx = -190
for invader_count in range(19):
if invader_count < 9:
enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
xx += 30
else:
enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
xxxx += 30
playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 2
win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")
win.listen()
move()
win.mainloop()
最后，小心经常被误解的Pythonglobal和乌龟tracer()