将 rails 从 4.2 升级到 5.2 依赖项问题
Upgrade rails from 4.2 to 5.2 dependencies issue
我是第一次进行此升级，我在第一步就遇到了问题:-(
基本上我想升级我的项目的 rails 版本，所以我将我的 Gemfile 更改为 rails 5.2 并尝试 运行:
bundle update rails
如给定 here 但我无法更新包并收到以下错误
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)
schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
activerecord (~> 4.2)
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2)
gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0.0)
rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
rails (< 6, >= 4.0)
rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.2)
sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0)
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
In Gemfile:
rake (~> 11.2)
capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
rake (>= 10.0.0)
derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
rake (< 13, > 10)
我的 Gemfile 是
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'pg', platform: :ruby
gem 'schema_plus_views'
gem 'fix-db-schema-conflicts', github: 'davidlibrera/fix-db-schema-conflicts'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rake', '~> 11.2'
gem 'rails', '~> 4.2'
# gem 'rb-readline'
# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails'
gem "less-rails", platform: :ruby #Sprockets (what Rails 3.1 uses for its asset pipeline) supports LESS
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier'
# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails'
gem "typescript-rails"
# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
gem "bootstrap-sass"
gem "font-awesome-rails"
gem 'haml'
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem "bower-rails"
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
# gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'oj'
gem 'jbuilder'
gem 'angular-rails-templates'
gem 'gaffe'
gem 'color-generator'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1'
# we have keep redis client below version 4 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/antirez/redis/issues/4272
# and we have to keep redis below 3.3.2 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/redis/redis-rb/issues/650
gem 'redis', '3.3.5', require: %w(redis redis/connection/hiredis)
gem 'hiredis'
gem 'puma'
gem 'puma_worker_killer'
gem "dalli"
gem 'jbuilder_cache_multi'
gem 'globalize', '~> 5.0'
gem 'rack-attack'
gem 'ya2yaml'
gem 'cells-rails'
gem 'cells-erb'
# gem 'highline'
gem 'kaminari'
gem 'nokogiri'
gem 'zss', git: "https://github.com/ISEngineering/zmq-service-suite-ruby", platform: :ruby
gem 'ffi-rzmq', '2.0.4'
gem 'therubyracer'
gem "paperclip", "~> 4.3"
gem 'bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails'
gem 'rails-i18n', '~> 4.0'
# Excel depdendencies
gem 'xlsxtream', '>= 2'
# Excel legacy export
gem 'axlsx_rails', '0.5.1'
gem 'axlsx', git: 'https://github.com/randym/axlsx.git'
gem 'rubyzip', '>= 1.2.1'
gem 'zip-zip'
gem 'devise', '~> 4.2'
gem 'devise-i18n'
gem 'savon', '~> 2.10'
gem 'party_foul', git: 'https://github.com/alexanderadam/party_foul.git', branch: 'bugfix/132-dont-assume-that-exceptions-have-a-backtrace' #'>= 1.5.5'
gem 'ledermann-rails-settings'
gem 'dentaku'
gem 'delayed_job_active_record'
gem 'cancancan'
gem 'rolify'
gem 'rails_admin'
gem 'enumerize'
gem 'rails_admin_settings'
gem 'rails_admin_globalize_field'
gem 'trailblazer-rails'
gem 'premailer-rails'
gem 'bulk_insert'
# for assets that are referenced by libraries in vendor/assets
gem 'non-stupid-digest-assets'
gem 'actionpack-action_caching'
gem 'dotenv-rails'
group :development, :test do
gem 'database_cleaner'
gem 'rspec-rails'
gem 'pry'
gem 'pry-nav'
gem 'awesome_print'
gem 'mocha'
gem 'webmock' # for vcr
gem 'vcr'
gem 'chromedriver-helper', '>= 2.1.0'
gem 'selenium-webdriver', '3.9.0'
gem 'capybara'
end
group :test do
gem 'factory_bot_rails'
gem 'db-query-matchers'
gem 'capybara-screenshot'
gem 'fakeredis', require: 'fakeredis/rspec'
end
group :development do
gem 'i18n-tasks'
gem 'spring'
gem 'letter_opener'
gem 'derailed_benchmarks'
gem 'sql-logging'
gem 'rubocop'
gem 'rubocop-rspec'
gem 'fasterer'
gem 'better_errors'
gem 'binding_of_caller'
gem 'activerecord-colored_log_subscriber' # this won't be required with rails 5 anymore
# Use Capistrano for deployment
gem 'capistrano', '~> 3.6'
gem 'capistrano-rbenv', '~> 2.0'
gem 'capistrano-bundler', '~> 1.1.2'
gem 'capistrano-rails'
gem 'capistrano3-puma', github: "seuros/capistrano-puma"
gem 'capistrano3-delayed-job', '~> 1.0'
end
group :profile do
gem 'ruby-prof'
end
gem 'sdoc', group: :doc
gem 'sshkit' # is needed to load tasks on server
我该怎么办？
首先，正如 ThorTL67 在评论中指出的那样，逐步更新 Rails 版本是个好主意，而不是一次大跃进。这样，您的依赖问题就会不那么复杂。
通过 运行 bundle version 检查您使用的 Bundler 版本。如果那个版本是旧的，可能是某些依赖关系计算不正确，这可能有助于更新 Bundler (gem update bundler)。
然后是您可以采取的从 4.2 更新到 'some higher version' 的步骤。您得到的错误列表显示 gem 依赖项之间的冲突。您可以尝试逐一解决这些冲突。
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)
schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
activerecord (~> 4.2)
这个错误非常简单。它告诉您 gem rails 需要 activerecord v5.2.1，但是 gem schema_plus_views 需要 activerecord >= 4.2.0 但 < 5.0 （参见 RubyGems explanation of constraints). So how to resolve this? If you check the source page for schema_plus_views, you see that there is no compatible version yet for activerecord v5.2.1, and that it is not likely to be there soon: Any plan to update this gem to be compatible with rails 5.2?
所以在这种情况下，您有几个选择。将它从你的 Gemfile 中删除，并从你的代码中删除对这个 gem 的依赖；检查为您提供所需功能的替代 gem；帮助更新 gem 以支持 rails 5.
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2)
gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0.0)
rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
rails (< 6, >= 4.0)
rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.2)
sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0)
我实际上不确定这里的问题是什么。这些对 rails gem 的依赖似乎并不相互矛盾，所以我会通过将它们一一注释然后尝试找出 gem 是什么实际问题再次更新。这可能会为您提供更多信息。
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
In Gemfile:
rake (~> 11.2)
capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
rake (>= 10.0.0)
derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
rake (< 13, > 10)
这也好像应该不是问题。我会尝试将 Gemfile 中的 rake 依赖项从 gem 'rake', '~> 11.2' 更改为 gem 'rake' 并查看依赖项消息会发生什么。
完成所有这些步骤后，您可能会收到不同的 错误消息。你必须以同样的方式一个一个地解决它们。不幸的是，没有灵丹妙药，更新 Rails 可能是一个乏味的过程，尤其是当您的应用程序依赖于很多 gem 时。你必须逐个解决这个问题，通过删除你自己对 gem 的依赖，帮助 gem 社区 maintenance/updates，或者（最坏的情况）分叉 gem 和自己更改代码以使其再次适用于您的应用程序。祝你好运！
为了更新您的依赖项，您可以使用 bummr 等工具。请确保有一个良好的测试套件，如 README 指定的那样。之后，您可以开始修复兼容性问题、弃用等问题。
我是第一次进行此升级，我在第一步就遇到了问题:-(
基本上我想升级我的项目的 rails 版本，所以我将我的 Gemfile 更改为 rails 5.2 并尝试 运行:
bundle update rails
如给定 here 但我无法更新包并收到以下错误
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)
schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
activerecord (~> 4.2)
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2)
gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0.0)
rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
rails (< 6, >= 4.0)
rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.2)
sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0)
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
In Gemfile:
rake (~> 11.2)
capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
rake (>= 10.0.0)
derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
rake (< 13, > 10)
我的 Gemfile 是
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'pg', platform: :ruby
gem 'schema_plus_views'
gem 'fix-db-schema-conflicts', github: 'davidlibrera/fix-db-schema-conflicts'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rake', '~> 11.2'
gem 'rails', '~> 4.2'
# gem 'rb-readline'
# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails'
gem "less-rails", platform: :ruby #Sprockets (what Rails 3.1 uses for its asset pipeline) supports LESS
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier'
# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails'
gem "typescript-rails"
# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
gem "bootstrap-sass"
gem "font-awesome-rails"
gem 'haml'
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem "bower-rails"
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
# gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'oj'
gem 'jbuilder'
gem 'angular-rails-templates'
gem 'gaffe'
gem 'color-generator'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1'
# we have keep redis client below version 4 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/antirez/redis/issues/4272
# and we have to keep redis below 3.3.2 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/redis/redis-rb/issues/650
gem 'redis', '3.3.5', require: %w(redis redis/connection/hiredis)
gem 'hiredis'
gem 'puma'
gem 'puma_worker_killer'
gem "dalli"
gem 'jbuilder_cache_multi'
gem 'globalize', '~> 5.0'
gem 'rack-attack'
gem 'ya2yaml'
gem 'cells-rails'
gem 'cells-erb'
# gem 'highline'
gem 'kaminari'
gem 'nokogiri'
gem 'zss', git: "https://github.com/ISEngineering/zmq-service-suite-ruby", platform: :ruby
gem 'ffi-rzmq', '2.0.4'
gem 'therubyracer'
gem "paperclip", "~> 4.3"
gem 'bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails'
gem 'rails-i18n', '~> 4.0'
# Excel depdendencies
gem 'xlsxtream', '>= 2'
# Excel legacy export
gem 'axlsx_rails', '0.5.1'
gem 'axlsx', git: 'https://github.com/randym/axlsx.git'
gem 'rubyzip', '>= 1.2.1'
gem 'zip-zip'
gem 'devise', '~> 4.2'
gem 'devise-i18n'
gem 'savon', '~> 2.10'
gem 'party_foul', git: 'https://github.com/alexanderadam/party_foul.git', branch: 'bugfix/132-dont-assume-that-exceptions-have-a-backtrace' #'>= 1.5.5'
gem 'ledermann-rails-settings'
gem 'dentaku'
gem 'delayed_job_active_record'
gem 'cancancan'
gem 'rolify'
gem 'rails_admin'
gem 'enumerize'
gem 'rails_admin_settings'
gem 'rails_admin_globalize_field'
gem 'trailblazer-rails'
gem 'premailer-rails'
gem 'bulk_insert'
# for assets that are referenced by libraries in vendor/assets
gem 'non-stupid-digest-assets'
gem 'actionpack-action_caching'
gem 'dotenv-rails'
group :development, :test do
gem 'database_cleaner'
gem 'rspec-rails'
gem 'pry'
gem 'pry-nav'
gem 'awesome_print'
gem 'mocha'
gem 'webmock' # for vcr
gem 'vcr'
gem 'chromedriver-helper', '>= 2.1.0'
gem 'selenium-webdriver', '3.9.0'
gem 'capybara'
end
group :test do
gem 'factory_bot_rails'
gem 'db-query-matchers'
gem 'capybara-screenshot'
gem 'fakeredis', require: 'fakeredis/rspec'
end
group :development do
gem 'i18n-tasks'
gem 'spring'
gem 'letter_opener'
gem 'derailed_benchmarks'
gem 'sql-logging'
gem 'rubocop'
gem 'rubocop-rspec'
gem 'fasterer'
gem 'better_errors'
gem 'binding_of_caller'
gem 'activerecord-colored_log_subscriber' # this won't be required with rails 5 anymore
# Use Capistrano for deployment
gem 'capistrano', '~> 3.6'
gem 'capistrano-rbenv', '~> 2.0'
gem 'capistrano-bundler', '~> 1.1.2'
gem 'capistrano-rails'
gem 'capistrano3-puma', github: "seuros/capistrano-puma"
gem 'capistrano3-delayed-job', '~> 1.0'
end
group :profile do
gem 'ruby-prof'
end
gem 'sdoc', group: :doc
gem 'sshkit' # is needed to load tasks on server
我该怎么办？
首先，正如 ThorTL67 在评论中指出的那样，逐步更新 Rails 版本是个好主意，而不是一次大跃进。这样，您的依赖问题就会不那么复杂。
通过 运行 bundle version 检查您使用的 Bundler 版本。如果那个版本是旧的，可能是某些依赖关系计算不正确，这可能有助于更新 Bundler (gem update bundler)。
然后是您可以采取的从 4.2 更新到 'some higher version' 的步骤。您得到的错误列表显示 gem 依赖项之间的冲突。您可以尝试逐一解决这些冲突。
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)
schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
activerecord (~> 4.2)
这个错误非常简单。它告诉您 gem rails 需要 activerecord v5.2.1，但是 gem schema_plus_views 需要 activerecord >= 4.2.0 但 < 5.0 （参见 RubyGems explanation of constraints). So how to resolve this? If you check the source page for schema_plus_views, you see that there is no compatible version yet for activerecord v5.2.1, and that it is not likely to be there soon: Any plan to update this gem to be compatible with rails 5.2?
所以在这种情况下，您有几个选择。将它从你的 Gemfile 中删除，并从你的代码中删除对这个 gem 的依赖；检查为您提供所需功能的替代 gem；帮助更新 gem 以支持 rails 5.
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
In Gemfile:
rails (~> 5.2)
gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0.0)
rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
rails (< 6, >= 4.0)
rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
rails (>= 4.2)
sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
rails (>= 4.0)
我实际上不确定这里的问题是什么。这些对 rails gem 的依赖似乎并不相互矛盾，所以我会通过将它们一一注释然后尝试找出 gem 是什么实际问题再次更新。这可能会为您提供更多信息。
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
In Gemfile:
rake (~> 11.2)
capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
rake (>= 10.0.0)
derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
rake (< 13, > 10)
这也好像应该不是问题。我会尝试将 Gemfile 中的 rake 依赖项从 gem 'rake', '~> 11.2' 更改为 gem 'rake' 并查看依赖项消息会发生什么。
完成所有这些步骤后，您可能会收到不同的 错误消息。你必须以同样的方式一个一个地解决它们。不幸的是，没有灵丹妙药，更新 Rails 可能是一个乏味的过程，尤其是当您的应用程序依赖于很多 gem 时。你必须逐个解决这个问题，通过删除你自己对 gem 的依赖，帮助 gem 社区 maintenance/updates，或者（最坏的情况）分叉 gem 和自己更改代码以使其再次适用于您的应用程序。祝你好运！
为了更新您的依赖项，您可以使用 bummr 等工具。请确保有一个良好的测试套件，如 README 指定的那样。之后，您可以开始修复兼容性问题、弃用等问题。