为什么此 POSIX 共享内存代码会出现分段错误?

Why does this POSIX shared memory code give a segmentation fault?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

int main()
{
    const int SIZE = 500;
    const char *name = "name";
    int fd;
    char *ptr = NULL;
    pid_t pid;
    pid = fork();

    if (pid < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Fork Failed");
        return 1;
    }
    else if (pid == 0) {
        fd = shm_open(name,O_CREAT | O_RDWR,0666);
        ftruncate(fd, SIZE);
        ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        sprintf(ptr, "%s", "Hello, World!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        wait(NULL);
        fd = shm_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0666);
        ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        printf("%s\n", (char *)ptr);
    }
    return 0;
}

我基本上是想在子进程中创建一些共享内存并从父进程访问它。

在子进程中,mmap 工作正常。当我使用 mmap 返回的指针进行打印时,它实际上打印了 Hello, World!,但同样的打印给出了来自父级的段错误。

在父级 (pid != 0) 中您打开了对象 O_RDONLY,但是用 PROT_WRITE、MAP_SHARED 映射了它。删除 | PROT_WRITE 你很好。 您可能想偶尔检查 return 值是否有错误。

崩溃是由于摘录自 man:

O_RDONLY   Open the object for read access.  A shared memory object
           opened in this way can be mmap(2)ed only for read
           (PROT_READ) access.

您已尝试:

fd = shm_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0666);
//                  ^^^^^^^^
ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
//                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ incorrect!

另请注意:您的 name 应遵循 man 可移植性建议:

For portable use, a shared memory object should be identified by a name
of the form /somename; that is, a null-terminated string of up to
NAME_MAX (i.e., 255) characters consisting of an initial slash,
followed by one or more characters, none of which are slashes.

最后,您有一些不必要的 (char *) 转换,并且总是错误检查您的 return 值。