从第三个应用程序获取浏览器 URL

Question

我正在开发 MacOS 应用程序，我想知道是否有办法从中获取 url 活动浏览器。应用程序在 C++ 中完成。

我想在不使用 AppleScript 的情况下获取它。

这可能吗？

谢谢

Answer 1

这不是一个简单的答案，但好消息是 "yes, it's possible to do this without having to use AppleScript"，坏消息是 "you'll have to use AppleScript to begin with"。

让我详细说明一下：浏览器应用程序通常有一个 Applescript 字典（您可以使用 /Applications/Utilities 文件夹中的 "Script Editor" 应用程序查看它。下面是字典的样子 Google Chrome: 你会看到我找到了 "tab" class 并且在那里你会看到 URL 属性.

所以你需要做的是首先编写一个 AppleScript 来为你的浏览器获取 windows重新定位。然后，当它起作用时，您需要将 AppleScript 转换为底层的原始 AppleEvents（这是 AppleScripts 编译成的）。 AppleScripts 和 AppleEvents 都可以用代码完成。

据我所知，您真正想要的答案（例如"can I use some top secret API or send a URL from my code into some open port on my local machine to query the browser?"）并不存在。 AppleScript 和 AppleEvents 是 Apple 提供的用于自动化大多数应用程序的长期方式，您需要利用它们。

如果您决定继续使用 AppleScript 并可能将它们转换为 AppleEvents，这就是我要做的。

1) 查找公开可用的 AppleScript 来完成您想要的工作。

2) 将 AppleScript 转换为 AppleEvents

3) 编写 AppleEvents。

对于 1，这是一个在 Safari 中遍历每个 window 的脚本，我从 this tutorial:

tell application "Safari"

--Variables
set windowCount to number of windows
set docText to ""

--Repeat for Every Window
repeat with x from 1 to windowCount
set tabCount to number of tabs in window x

--Repeat for Every Tab in Current Window
repeat with y from 1 to tabCount
--Get Tab Name & URL
set tabName to name of tab y of window x
set tabURL to URL of tab y of window x
end repeat

end repeat
end tell

对于第 2 步，我认为您可以使用 the Accessory View Pane in Script Editor 查看原始事件和产生的结果。

对于第 3 步，我用 C 语言编写的这段古老代码将为给定 window ID 的浏览器 window 获取 URL。

OSStatus CreateTheAppleEventForGetURL( OSType appSignature, long windowid, char **retval) 
{
    OSErr               err = noErr;
    AEAddressDesc       targetAddress;
    AEDescList          replyDesc = { typeNull, nil };
    AEKeyword           keyword;
    DescType            desiredClass;   
    AEDesc              replySingle, theOptionalAttributeDesc, theSeldDesc,theObjSpec,theThirdObjSpec,theSecondObjSpec,theFormDesc,theNullDesc;
    AppleEvent          theEvent, reply;
    AEIdleUPP           theIdleProc;
    Boolean             gotReply = false;
    long                errNumber=0;
    long                buffer;
    Size                actualSize;
    char                *result = NULL;

    theIdleProc = NewAEIdleUPP((AEIdleProcPtr)&TheIdleFunction );
    if( NULL != theIdleProc )
    {
        err = AECreateDesc( typeApplSignature, &appSignature, sizeof( appSignature ), &targetAddress );

        if( noErr == err )
        {
            err = AECreateAppleEvent( 'core', 'getd', &targetAddress, kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID, &theEvent );
            buffer = 0x10000;
            err = AECreateDesc('magn', &buffer, 4, &theOptionalAttributeDesc);
            if( noErr == err )
            {
                err = AECreateDesc(typeNull, nil, 0, &theNullDesc);
                desiredClass = 'cwin';
                buffer = 'ID  ';
                err = AECreateDesc('enum',&buffer,4,&theFormDesc);
                buffer = windowid;
                err = AECreateDesc(typeLongInteger,&buffer,4,&theSeldDesc);
                err = CreateObjSpecifier(desiredClass,&theNullDesc,'ID  ',&theSeldDesc,true,&theThirdObjSpec);
                buffer = 'docu';
                err = AECreateDesc(typeType,&buffer,4,&theSeldDesc);
                desiredClass = 'prop';
                err = CreateObjSpecifier(desiredClass,&theThirdObjSpec,'prop',&theSeldDesc,true,&theSecondObjSpec);
                buffer = 'prop';
                err = AECreateDesc('enum',&buffer,4,&theFormDesc);
                err = AECreateDesc(typeNull, nil, 0, &theObjSpec);
                buffer = 'pURL';
                err = AECreateDesc(typeType,&buffer,4,&theSeldDesc);
                err = CreateObjSpecifier(desiredClass,&theSecondObjSpec,'prop',&theSeldDesc,true,&theObjSpec);      
                err = AEPutAttributeDesc(&theEvent,'csig',&theOptionalAttributeDesc);
                err = AEPutParamDesc(&theEvent,keyDirectObject, &theObjSpec);
            }
            if( noErr == err )
            {
                err = AESend( &theEvent, &reply, kAEWaitReply + kAENeverInteract, kAENormalPriority, 120, theIdleProc, NULL );
                if( noErr == err )
                {
                    gotReply = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    gotReply = false;                   
                }
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theObjSpec);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theOptionalAttributeDesc);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theSeldDesc);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theSecondObjSpec);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theThirdObjSpec);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theFormDesc);
                err = AEDisposeDesc(&theNullDesc);              
            }
        }
        err = AEGetParamPtr(&reply, keyErrorNumber, typeLongInteger, NULL, &errNumber, sizeof(errNumber), &actualSize);
        if(true == gotReply )
        {
            err = AEGetParamDesc( &reply, keyDirectObject, typeAEList, &replyDesc );

            keyword = typeAEList;
            err = AEGetNthDesc( &replyDesc, 1, typeUnicodeText, &keyword, &replySingle);

            if( noErr == err)
            {
                OSStatus            status;
                Size                theSize;
                UnicodeMapping      iUnicodeMapping;
                UnicodeToTextInfo   theInfo;
                UniChar             theName[512];
                unsigned char       crapola[512]; // a.k.a. a pstring

                iUnicodeMapping.unicodeEncoding = kTextEncodingUnicodeDefault;
                iUnicodeMapping.otherEncoding = kTextEncodingMacRoman;
                iUnicodeMapping.mappingVersion = kUnicodeUseLatestMapping;
                status = CreateUnicodeToTextInfo(&iUnicodeMapping,&theInfo);                
                theSize = AEGetDescDataSize(&replySingle);

                err = AEGetDescData(&replySingle,&theName,512);
                if( noErr == err)
                {
                    err = ConvertFromUnicodeToPString(theInfo,theSize,theName,crapola);
                    if( noErr == err )
                    {
                        result = malloc( theSize * sizeof( char ));
                        if( NULL != result )
                        {
                            p2cstrcpy(result,crapola);
                            printf( "URL returned is %s\n", result);
                        }
                    }
                }
                status = DisposeUnicodeToTextInfo(&theInfo);
            }
        }
        err = AEDisposeDesc( &targetAddress );
        err = AEDisposeDesc( &replySingle );
        DisposeAEIdleUPP( theIdleProc );
    }
    if( NULL != retval )
        *retval = result;
    return(err);
}

我确定它不会编译，since a number of Carbon API's have been updated and renamed 从 macOS 10.8 开始，但你明白了。

希望这篇长文能帮到你！

从第三个应用程序获取浏览器 URL

Get browser URL from third application

c++

url

macos

applescript