我如何 return C 中任何类型的值?

how can I return values of any type in C?

我需要获取一些在 C 代码中使用变量的日志;

例如来自以下代码:

int main(){
   int a,b,c;
   a=1;
   b=1;
   c= a==0||b==1
   return 0;
}

我做:

int log(int v){
   //print log
   return v;
}

int main(){
   int a,b,c;
   a=1;
   b=1;
   c= log(a)==0||log(b)==1
   return 0;
}

这个工作完美,但所有变量都是 int。

我如何为任何类型的变量执行此操作?

Log4c是你的朋友:

Log4c is a library of C for flexible logging to files, syslog and other destinations. It is modeled after the Log for Java library (http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/), staying as close to their API as is reasonable. Here is a short introduction to Log4j which describes the API, and design rationale.

#include <stdio.h>

#define LOG(TYPE, STRING, VAR) \
 (printf(STRING, VAR), (TYPE) VAR)

int main()
{
    int j = 3;
    double q = 2.3;
    double s;

    s = LOG(int, "j=%d\n", j) + LOG(double, "q=%lf\n", q);
    LOG(double, "s=%lf\n", s);
}

j=3
q=2.300000
s=5.300000

一个警告:这会计算 VAR 表达式两次,因此它应该始终是常规变量的内容,而不是更复杂的表达式。您可以将对 printf 的调用替换为对使用可变参数的日志记录操作的调用。

how can i do this for variable of any type?

要根据各种类型切换代码,请使用 _Generic() 到 select 类型特定函数。

int log_int(int v) {
  printf("(int %d)\n", v);
  return !!v;
}

int log_double(double v) {
  printf("(double %e)\n", v);
  return !!v;
}

int log_char_ptr(char *v) {
  printf("(str %s)\n", v);
  return !!v;
}

#define mylog(X) _Generic((X), \
  int: log_int, \
  double: log_double, \
  char *: log_char_ptr \
  )(X)

现在代码只需要调用mylog(various_types).

int main(void) {
  int i = 3;
  double d = 4.0;
  char *s = "5";

  mylog(i)==0||mylog(d)==0||mylog(s)==0;
  return 0;
}

输出

(int 3)
(double 4.000000e+00)
(str 5)