打开 window 并在 Python 中绘制填充矩形的最简单方法

Easiest way to open a window and draw a filled rect on it in Python

我尝试了 pygame 和 tkinter,但它们都用 while 循环阻塞了主线程。有一些解决方法,但我认为它们相对复杂。例如,在 Java 中,我可以创建一个 JFrame,向其添加一个 JPanel 并在 JPanel 上绘制。这不会阻止创建 JFrame/JPanel 的线程。 Python 和 Java 之间是否有关键区别,以至于 Python 不能做同样的事情,或者我只是使用了错误的包或使用错误?

编辑1: 主要问题:在不阻塞主线程的情况下打开 window 并在其上绘制填充矩形的最简单方法 Python。

编辑2:

tkinter 示例:

import tkinter

root = tkinter.Tk()
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root)
canvas.create_rectangle(10, 10, 60, 60, fill='blue')
canvas.pack()
tkinter.mainloop()

print("I won't get printed until window is closed")

pygame 示例:

import pygame

pygame.init()

width = 500
height = 500
window = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))

running = True
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

print("I won't get printed until window is closed")

我想要的:

class Canvas:
    def __init__(self):
        ...  # create window that does not block main thread

    def draw_rect(self, x, y, width, height, color):
        ...  # draw rect on window

    def clear(self):
        ...  # clear window

canvas = Canvas()
canvas.draw_rect(10, 10, 60, 60, 'blue')
print('I get printed even while window is active')

编辑 3:

我想要的 Java:

 import javax.swing.*;
 import java.awt.*;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;

 public class Canvas {

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         // test the Canvas class
         Canvas canvas = new Canvas(500, 500); // creates canvas window
         canvas.fillRect(50, 50, 200, 200, Color.BLUE); // draws a rect
         canvas.clear(); // removes all drawings from canvas window
         canvas.fillRect(50, 100, 300, 200, Color.RED);
         canvas.fillRect(100,150,300,300, Color.CYAN);

         // everything here will be executed
     }

     private JFrame frame = new JFrame();
     private List<Consumer<Graphics>> drawTasks = new ArrayList<>();

     public Canvas(int width, int height) {
         JPanel panel = new JPanel() {
             @Override
             public void paint(Graphics g) {
                 super.paint(g);
                 for (Consumer<Graphics> drawTask : drawTasks) {
                     drawTask.accept(g);
                 }
             }
         };
         panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
         frame.add(panel);
         frame.pack();
         frame.setResizable(false);
         frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
     }

     public void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height, Color color){
         drawTasks.add(graphics -> {
             graphics.setColor(color);
             graphics.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
         });
         frame.repaint();
     }

     public void clear() {
         drawTasks.clear();
         frame.repaint();
     }
}

当您 运行 您的 Java 代码时,会创建一个单独的线程(事件调度线程)来为您处理 GUI。 pygame 中的等价物是这样的:

import pygame
import threading

class Canvas(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
        self.screen.fill((50, 50, 50))
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.start()

    def draw_rect(self, x, y, width, height, color):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, pygame.Color(color), (x, y, width, height))

    def clear(self):
        self.screen.fill((50, 50, 50))

    def run(self):
        while True:
            for e in pygame.event.get():
                print(e)
                if e.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    return
            pygame.display.update()
            self.clock.tick(60)

canvas = Canvas()
canvas.draw_rect(10, 10, 60, 60, 'blue')
print('I get printed even while window is active')

但是,正如您在 运行 这段代码中看到的那样,它不会工作,因为 pygame 的事件系统只有在从主线程调用时才能正常工作(至少在Windows。它适用于 Linux IIRC)。

因此,您所要求的 pygame 这种方式并不可靠。


使用 tkinter,你可以使用这样的东西:

import threading

class Canvas(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.start()

    def run(self):
        import tkinter
        root = tkinter.Tk()
        s = tkinter.StringVar()
        s.set('Foo')
        f = tkinter.StringVar()
        f.set('Bar')
        tkinter.Label(root,textvariable=s).pack()
        tkinter.Button(root,textvariable=f).pack()
        root.mainloop()


app = Canvas()
print('I get printed even while window is active')

这会起作用,但有点老套,因为 tkinter 模块必须导入到您调用 mainloop().

的同一个线程中