不同作用域变量的类型推断

Type inference of differently scoped variables

考虑以下代码(TypeScript 3.2.2 中的运行):

const status: 'successful' | 'failed' = 'successful';

function test(): typeof status {
  const status = 'hello';

  return 'successful';
}

这不会编译,因为 test 的 return 类型与其签名不匹配:

error TS2322: Type '"successful"' is not assignable to type 'IResult<"hello">'.

出于某种原因,status 定义 函数中用于确定 return 类型。

使用 var 时不会发生这种情况;此代码:

function test(): typeof status {
  var status = 'hello'; // notice the var here

  return 'successful';
}

生成预期的 return 类型 'successful' | 'failed'

使用let:

function test(): typeof status {
  let status = 'hello'; // notice the let here

  return 'successful';
} 

这会编译,但结果是 return 类型是 string,再次使用内部定义。

我希望 tsc 使用范围中定义最高的 status 在这两种情况下评估其 return 类型,而不管 [=14 中存在什么声明=]. 为什么会出现上述行为? 这应该与 tsc 如何决定使用哪些变量进行类型推断有关。

这里有12个案例: (const, let, var) * (global, local) * (explicit string union, inferred string)

TL;DR

简单方法:

  • 如果您在外部范围内显式指定类型 - 结果始终相同:union of "ok" | "no".

陷阱:

  • 因为内部 letconst 可用于 typeof 在 return 位置,它们隐藏外部声明 ..
  • 内部 var 不适用于 typeof 在 return 类型位置(无论出于何种原因)

添加额外的混淆:

  • 如果您尝试推断:letvar 将认为类型是 string,而 const 将类型精确到 [不可变的原始] 值。

参考案例列表:

// Infer, Inner
function test_inner_let(): typeof status01 { // type is string
  let status01 = 'ok'; // let is mutable, so type is only string
  return 'lol';
}
function test_inner_const(): typeof status02 { // type is 'ok'
  const status02 = 'ok'; // const allows to specify type to exact 'ok'
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'
}
function test_inner_var(): typeof status03 { // type is any, TS warning: status03 not found
  var status03 = 'ok'; // var is mutable, so type is string
  return 'lol';
}

// Explicit, Inner
function test_inner_let_t(): typeof status11 { // type is union 'ok'|'no'
  let status11: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}
function test_inner_const_t(): typeof status12 { // type is union 'ok'|'no'
  const status12: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}
function test_inner_var_t(): typeof status13 { // type is any, TS warning: status13 not found
  var status13: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
  return 'lol';
}

// Explicit, Outer - everything works the same
let status21: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_outer_let_t(): typeof status21 { // type is union 'ok'|'no'
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}
const status22: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_outer_const_t(): typeof status22 { // type is union 'ok'|'no'
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}
var status23: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_outer_var_t(): typeof status23 { // type is union 'ok'|'no'
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}

// Infer, Outer
let status31 = 'ok'; // type is string
function test_outer_let(): typeof status31 { // type is string
  return 'lol';
}
const status32 = 'ok'; // const allows to specify type to exact 'ok'
function test_outer_const(): typeof status32 { // type is 'ok'
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'
}
var status33 = 'ok'; // var is mutable, so type is string
function test_outer_var(): typeof status33 { // type is string
  return 'lol';
}

// (Explicit, Outer const) + (Implicit, Inner)
const status41: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_combo_let(): typeof status41 { // type is string, inner let took preference
  let status41 = 'ok';
  return 'lol';
}
const status42: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_combo_const(): typeof status42 { // type is 'sorry', inner const took preference
  const status42 = 'sorry';
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'sorry'
}
const status43: 'ok' | 'no' = 'ok';
function test_combo_var(): typeof status43 { // type is union 'ok'|'no', var is not bubling up
  var status = 'whatever';
  return 'lol'; // error, 'lol' is not assignable to 'ok'|'no'
}