Circular issue: Attempt to send form-url-encoded data causes TypeError: can't concat bytes to str, and the fix to latter breaks the former

Question

当我试着按照这个问题的答案去做时Python requests module sends JSON string instead of x-www-form-urlencoded param string and pass a dict to the urlopen, I get the error described in this question:

代码基于第一个问题答案中的推荐：

req = Request(url, method='POST', data={"ID": theId})
r = urlopen(req)

当我尝试应用第二个问题的已接受答案并使用它（类似于我的原始代码）时...

urllib.request.urlopen({api_url}, data=bytes(json.dumps({"ID": theId}), encoding="utf-8"))

...我又回到了第一个问题开始的地方，因为在 data 参数中传递 json 字符串会强制发送 application/json 而不是我正在寻找的x-www-form-urlencoded：

有没有办法跳出这个循环陷阱？

Answer 1

已通过调用 urllib.parse.urlencode 将 dict 转换为字符串，然后显式设置内容类型来修复：

    postparam = urllib.parse.urlencode({"ID": theId}).encode('utf-8')
    req = Request(url, method='POST', data=postparam)
    req.add_header("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    r = urlopen(req)

Circular issue: Attempt to send form-url-encoded data causes TypeError: can't concat bytes to str, and the fix to latter breaks the former

Circular issue: Attempt to send form-url-encoded data causes TypeError: can't concat bytes to str, and the fix to latter breaks the former

python

urllib

python-3.x