使用 python 根据标题标签自动生成嵌套的 table 内容

Question

我正在尝试根据 HTML 的标题标签创建嵌套的 table 内容。

我的 HTML 文件：

<html>
<head>
  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
  <h1>
            My report Name
  </h1>
  <h1 id="2">First Chapter                          </h1>
  <h2 id="3"> First Sub-chapter of the first chapter</h2>
  <ul>
    <h1 id="text1">Useless h1</h1>
    <p>
      some text
    </p>
  </ul>
  <h2 id="4">Second Sub-chapter of the first chapter </h2>
  <ul>
    <h1 id="text2">Useless h1</h1>
    <p>
      some text
    </p>
  </ul>
  <h1 id="5">Second Chapter                          </h1>
  <h2 id="6">First Sub-chapter of the Second chapter </h2>
  <ul>
    <h1 id="text6">Useless h1</h1>
    <p>
      some text
    </p>
  </ul>
  <h2 id="7">Second Sub-chapter of the Second chapter </h2>
  <ul>
    <h1 id="text6">Useless h1</h1>
    <p>
      some text
    </p>
  </ul>
</body>
</html>

我的python代码：

import from lxml import html
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
import re
import codecs
#Access to the local URL(Html file)
f = codecs.open("C:\x\test.html", 'r')
page = f.read()
f.close()
#html parsing
page_soup = soup(page,"html.parser")
tree = html.fromstring(page)#extract report name
ref = page_soup.find("h1",{"id": False}).text.strip()
print("the name of the report is : " + ref + " \n")

chapters = page_soup.findAll('h1', attrs={'id': re.compile("^[0-9]*$")})
print("We have " + str(len(chapters)) + " chapter(s)")
for index, chapter in enumerate(chapters):
    print(str(index+1) +"-" + str(chapter.text.strip()) + "\n")

sub_chapters = page_soup.findAll('h2', attrs={'id': re.compile("^[0-9]*$")})
print("We have " + str(len(sub_chapters)) + " sub_chapter(s)")
for index, sub_chapter in enumerate(sub_chapters):
    print(str(index+1) +"-" +str(sub_chapter.text.strip()) + "\n")

使用此代码，我可以获得所有章节和所有 sub-chapters 但这不是我的目标。

我的目标是将以下内容作为我的 table 内容：

1-First Chapter
    1-First sub-chapter of the first chapter
    2-Second sub-chapter of the first chapter
2-Second Chapter    
    1-First sub-chapter of the Second chapter
    2-Second sub-chapter of the Second chapter

关于如何实现我想要的 table 内容格式的任何建议或想法？

Answer 1

您可以在找到与每个章节相关的所有数据后使用itertools.groupby：

from itertools import groupby, count
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
data = [[i.name, re.sub('\s+$', '', i.text)] for i in soup(content, 'html.parser').find_all(re.compile('h1|h2'), {'id':re.compile('^\d+$')})]
grouped, _count = [[a, list(b)] for a, b in groupby(data, key=lambda x:x[0] == 'h1')], count(1)
new_grouped = [[grouped[i][-1][0][-1], [c for _, c in grouped[i+1][-1]]] for i in range(0, len(grouped), 2)]
final_string = '\n'.join(f'{next(_count)}-{a}\n'+'\n'.join(f'\t{i}-{c}' for i, c in enumerate(b, 1)) for a, b in new_grouped)
print(final_string)

输出：

1-First Chapter
    1- First Sub-chapter of the first chapter
    2-Second Sub-chapter of the first chapter
2-Second Chapter
    1-First Sub-chapter of the Second chapter
    2-Second Sub-chapter of the Second chapter

Answer 2

如果您愿意将 HTML 布局更改为类似于以下内容：

<html>

<head>
  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>

<body>
  <article>
    <h1>
      My report Name
    </h1>
    <section>
      <h2 id="chapter-one">First Chapter</h2>
      <section>
        <h3 id="one-one"> First Sub-chapter of the first chapter</h3>
        <ul>
          <h4 id="text1">Useless h4</h4>
          <p>
            some text
          </p>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section>
        <h3 id="one-two">Second Sub-chapter of the first chapter</h3>
        <ul>
          <h4 id="text2">Useless h4</h4>
          <p>
            some text
          </p>
        </ul>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <h2 id="chapter-two">Second Chapter </h2>
      <section>
        <h3 id="two-one">First Sub-chapter of the Second chapter</h3>
        <ul>
          <h4 id="text6">Useless h4</h4>
          <p>
            some text
          </p>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section>
        <h3 id="two-two">Second Sub-chapter of the Second chapter</h3>
        <ul>
          <h4 id="text6">Useless h4</h4>
          <p>
            some text
          </p>
        </ul>
      </section>
    </section>
  </article>
</body>

</html>

那么你的Python代码就变得更简单了：

from lxml import html
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
import re
import codecs

#Access to the local URL(Html file)
with codecs.open("index.html", 'r') as f:
  page = f.read()

#html parsing
page_soup = soup(page,"html.parser")
tree = html.fromstring(page)#extract report name
ref = page_soup.find("h1").text.strip()
print("the name of the report is : " + ref + " \n")

chapters = page_soup.findAll('h2')
for index, chapter in enumerate(chapters):
    print(str(index+1) +"-" + str(chapter.text.strip()))
    sub_chapters = chapter.find_parent().find_all("h3")
    for index2, sub_chapter in enumerate(sub_chapters):
       print("\t" + str(index2+1) +"-" +str(sub_chapter.text.strip()))

我稍微更新了页面阅读代码，并尝试在更新后的脚本中使用更多地道的 python。

另外，请注意：

sub_chapters = chapter.find_parent().find_all("h3")

find_all 是相对于章节的父级而不是整个文档

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